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懸

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:悬and𢝝

懸	U+61F8,懸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61F8

←懷
[U+61F7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

懹 →
[U+61F9]

Translingual

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Traditional	懸
Shinjitai (extended)	𢝝
Simplified	悬

Kangxi Dictionary:page 408, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11462
Dae Jaweon: page 749, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2368, character 5
Unihan data for U+61F8

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Characters in the samephonetic series (縣)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
縣	ɡʷeːn, ɡʷeːns
懸	*ɡʷeːn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ɡʷeːn): phonetic 縣(OC*ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːns) + semantic 心(“heart”) – to be concerned (in one’s heart).

Pronunciation 1

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trad.		懸
simp.		悬
alternative forms		𢝝

Mandarin
(Pinyin):xuán (xuan²)
(Zhuyin):ㄒㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese(Jyutping):jyun⁴
Hakka(Sixian,PFS):hièn / hiàn
Eastern Min(BUC):hèng / hièng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):hoeng² / hyeng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):hiân /soân
(Teochew,Peng'im):huin⁵ / ngui⁵ / hiang⁵
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁶yoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:xuán
  - Zhuyin:ㄒㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:syuán
  - Wade–Giles:hsüan²
  - Yale:sywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:shyuan
  - Palladius:сюань(sjuanʹ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:jyun⁴
  - Yale:yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin:jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization:yun⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jyːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl.Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:hièn
  - Hakka Romanization System:hien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:hian²
  - SinologicalIPA:/hi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl.Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:hiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System:hian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:hian²
  - SinologicalIPA:/hi̯an¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:hèng / hièng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hɛiŋ⁵³/, /hieŋ⁵³/

Note:

hèng - vernacular;
hièng - literary.

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:hoeng²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:hé̤ng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hœŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:hyeng²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hyøŋ¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hiân
  - Tâi-lô:hiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun:hieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/hiɛn²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei):/hiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/hiɛn¹³/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:soân
  - Tâi-lô:suân
  - Phofsit Daibuun:soaan
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/suan²⁴/

Note:

hiân - literary;
soân - vernacular (俗).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:huin⁵ / ngui⁵ / hiang⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:hûiⁿ / ngûi / hiâng
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/hũĩ⁵⁵/, /ŋui⁵⁵/, /hiaŋ⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁶yoe
  - MiniDict:yoe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³hhyoe
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/ɦyø²³/

Middle Chinese:hwen

Rime
Character	懸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	先 (86)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡涓切
Baxter	hwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwen/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷen/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwɛn/
Li Rong	/ɣuen/
Wang Li	/ɣiwen/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣiwen/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*N-kʷˤe[n]/
(Zhengzhang):/*ɡʷeːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	懸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xuán
Middle Chinese	‹ hwen ›
Old Chinese	/N-kʷˁe[n]/ (error in B&S 2014, should be Cə.[ɡ]ʷˁe[n] to account for Mǐn)
English	suspend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懸
Reading #	1/1
No.	13577
Phonetic component	縣
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	玄
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷeːn/
Notes	俗同縣通用

Definitions

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懸

tohang; tosuspend
toraise
tofeel anxious
(literary, or in compounds) toannounce
懸賞／悬赏 ― xuánshǎng ― to offer a reward
(literary, or in compounds) toimagine; tosuppose
懸想／悬想 ― xuánxiǎng ― to imagine
to beunsettled; to beunresolved
(colloquial)dangerous
甲：「考試考得怎麼樣呢？」
乙：「懸。」[MSC,trad.]
甲：「考试考得怎么样呢？」
乙：「悬。」[MSC,simp.]
Jiǎ: “Kǎoshì kǎo de zěnmeyàng ne?”
Yǐ: “Xuán.”[Pinyin]
A: How did you do on your test?
B:Dangerous.(meaning: I might have failed but I might have passed.)
far apart
asurname

Synonyms

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(to announce):

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佈告 /布告(bùgào)(literary)
公告(gōnggào)
公布(gōngbù)
告知(gàozhī)
告示(gàoshì)(literary)
報信 /报信(bàoxìn)
奉告(fènggào)
宣告(xuāngào)
宣布(xuānbù)
宣明(xuānmíng)
打招呼(dǎ zhāohū)
拍招呼(Hokkien)
披露(pīlù)
揭曉 /揭晓(jiēxiǎo)
揭示(jiēshì)
曉諭 /晓谕(xiǎoyù)(literary)
發布 /发布(fābù)
通告(tōnggào)
通知(tōngzhī)
頒布 /颁布(bānbù)
頒發 /颁发(bānfā)
頒降 /颁降(bānjiàng)(literary)

(to feel anxious):

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心念(Hokkien)
念(niàn)(literary, or in compounds)
惦念(diànniàn)
惦記 /惦记(diànjì)
懸念 /悬念(xuánniàn)(formal)
懸想 /悬想(xuánxiǎng)
掛念 /挂念(guàniàn)
掛意 /挂意(guàyì)
掛記 /挂记(Nanchang Gan, Yudu Hakka)
數念 /数念(siàu-liām)(Hokkien)
牽掛 /牵挂(qiānguà)
眷懷 /眷怀(juànhuái)(literary)
眷注(juànzhù)(literary)
眷顧 /眷顾(juàngù)(formal)
記掛 /记挂(jìguà)(dialectal)
顧念 /顾念(gùniàn)

(to imagine):

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估計 /估计(gūjì)
估量
假定(jiǎdìng)
假想(jiǎxiǎng)
假設 /假设(jiǎshè)
商量(shāngliàng)(Classical Chinese)
嫌(xián)(literary, or in compounds)
忖度(cǔnduó)(literary)
思裁(sīcái)(literary)
想象(xiǎngxiàng)
懸想 /悬想(xuánxiǎng)
懷疑 /怀疑(huáiyí)
打估(Southern Pinghua)
推想(tuīxiǎng)
推測 /推测(tuīcè)
掠算(Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
揣度(formal)
擬 /拟(nǐ)
母量(mu³ liong)(Gan)
派胚(Hokkien)
測 /测(cè)(literary, or in compounds)
測估 /测估(cègū)
測度 /测度(cèduó)
測算 /测算(cèsuàn)
猜(cāi)
猜度(cāiduó)
猜想(cāixiǎng)
猜摸(cāimo)
猜料(cāiliào)
猜測 /猜测(cāicè)
猜詳 /猜详(cāixiáng)
算(suàn)
算計 /算计(suànjì)
約摸 /约摸(yuēmo)
臭疑(Hokkien)
臭青疑(Hokkien)
虛擬 /虚拟(xūnǐ)
要約 /要约(iau³ ieh⁴)(Jin)
設 /设(shè)
設想 /设想(shèxiǎng)
跋胚(Zhangzhou Hokkien)
辦胚 /办胚(Zhangzhou Hokkien)
阿合(Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
青疑(Hokkien)
預計 /预计(yùjì)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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trad.		懸
simp.		悬
alternative forms		𢝝高峘危Teochew

Eastern Min(BUC):gèng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):ge² / giⁿ² / he² / hiⁿ²
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):koâiⁿ /kûiⁿ /koân
(Teochew,Peng'im):guin⁵ / guain⁵

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:gèng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɛiŋ⁵³/

Note: vernacular.

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:ge²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:gá̤ⁿ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ke¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:giⁿ²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kĩ¹³/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:he²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:há̤ⁿ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/he¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:hiⁿ²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hĩ¹³/

Note:

ge2/giⁿ2 - “high, tall”;
he2/hiⁿ2 - “hang down”.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Tong'an,Taipei,Kinmen,Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:koâiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:kuâinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:kvoaai
  - IPA (Xiamen,Tong'an,Taipei,Kinmen,Singapore):/kuãi²⁴/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Philippines,Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kûiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:kuînn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:kvuii
  - IPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Philippines,Singapore):/kuĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien:Zhangzhou,Kaohsiung,Tainan,Lukang,Sanxia,Yilan,Magong,Hsinchu,Taichung,Singapore,Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:koân
  - Tâi-lô:kuân
  - Phofsit Daibuun:koaan
  - IPA (Tainan,Lukang,Yilan,Singapore):/kuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung,Penang):/kuan²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/kuan¹³/

Note: vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:guin⁵ / guain⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:kûiⁿ / kuâiⁿ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kũĩ⁵⁵/, /kũãĩ⁵⁵/

Note:

vernacular;
guain5 - Chaoyang.

Definitions

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懸

(Min)tall;high
(Southern Min) ofhigh level;above average
(Hokkien)height
(Puxian Min) tohang down

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of高 (“tall; high”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		高
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	高
	Taiwan	高
	Malaysia	高
	Singapore	高
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	高
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	高
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	高
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	高,長 †
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	高
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	高
Cantonese	Guangzhou	高
	Hong Kong	高
	Taishan	高
	Yangjiang	高
	Singapore(Guangfu)	高
Gan	Nanchang	高,猛 †
Hakka	Meixian	高
	Changting	高
	Wuping	高
	Liancheng	高
	Ninghua	高
Jin	Taiyuan	高
Northern Min	Jian'ou	高
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	懸
	Fuzhou(Changle)	懸
	Fuqing	懸
	Pingtan	懸
	Yongtai	懸
	Gutian	懸
	Fu'an	懸
	Ningde	懸
	Shouning	懸
	Zhouning	懸
	Matsu	懸
Southern Min	Xiamen	懸,躼 †
	Quanzhou	懸,躼 †
	Zhangzhou	懸,躼 †
	Zhao'an	懸
	Taipei	懸,躼 †
	New Taipei(Sanxia)	懸,躼 †
	Kaohsiung	懸,躼 †
	Yilan	懸,躼 †
	Changhua(Lukang)	懸,躼 †
	Taichung	懸
	Tainan	懸,躼 †
	Hsinchu	懸
	Kinmen	懸
	Penghu(Magong)	懸
	Penang(Hokkien)	懸
	Singapore(Hokkien)	懸,躼 †
	Manila(Hokkien)	懸,躼 †
	Chaozhou	懸
	Shantou	懸
	Singapore(Teochew)	懸
	Wenchang	懸
	Qionghai	懸
	Singapore(Hainanese)	懸
Puxian Min	Putian	懸
Puxian Min	Xianyou	懸
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)	懸
Wu	Shanghai	高,長 †
	Suzhou	高,長 †
	Hangzhou(Yuhang)	長,高
	Wenzhou	高,長 †
Xiang	Changsha	高,上
Xiang	Shuangfeng	高,長 †
Note	† - of a person's height

Compounds

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References

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“懸”, in教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien),Ministry of Education, R.O.C.,2025.
莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会[Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “悬”, in莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min),Xiamen University Press,→ISBN, pages201, 260, 262.
莆田市荔城区档案馆[Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “悬”, in莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page270.