| ||||||||
慘 (Kangxi radical 61,心+11, 14 strokes,cangjie input心戈戈竹 (PIIH),four-corner93022,composition⿰忄參)
| trad. | 慘 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 惨 | |
| alternative forms | 惨 憯 𢠊 𢡖 𰑯 | |
| Historical forms of the character慘 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) |
| Small seal script |
 |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 篸 | *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms |
| 參 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum |
| 驂 | *sʰluːm |
| 傪 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ |
| 慘 | *sʰluːmʔ |
| 黲 | *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ |
| 謲 | *sʰluːms |
| 毿 | *sluːm |
| 蔘 | *sluːm, *srum |
| 犙 | *sluːm, *sru, *srɯu |
| 糝 | *sluːmʔ |
| 槮 | *sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ |
| 鬖 | *sloːm |
| 摻 | *sruːm, *sruːmʔ |
| 醦 | *sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ |
| 縿 | *sroːm |
| 穇 | *sroːm |
| 嵾 | *sʰrum |
| 磣 | *sʰrumʔ |
| 墋 | *sʰrumʔ |
| 曑 | *srum |
| 瘮 | *srumʔ |
| 滲 | *srums |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*sʰluːmʔ): semantic 心(“heart”) + phonetic 參(OC*sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum)
| Variety | Location | 慘 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡sʰan²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /t͡sʰan⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡sʰan¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡sʰã⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡sʰã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰan²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡sʰã⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /t͡sʰã⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡sʰan⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡sʰɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡sʰan⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sʰan⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡sʰan⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sʰan⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡sʰã̠⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡sʰaŋ²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡sʰæ̃²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰø³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡sʰø⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡sʰẽ̞⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡sʰø³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰɛ³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sʰɔ³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰan⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡sʰan⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰan²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰam³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sʰɑm³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰam³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰam³⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sʰam³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰam⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰaŋ³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰam⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /sam²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 慘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 七感切 |
| Baxter | tshomX |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰʌmX/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰəmX/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɒmX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰəmX/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰᴀmX/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɒmX/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰămX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caam2 |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 慘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1084 |
| Phonetic component | 參 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 慘 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰluːmʔ/ |
慘
| 惨 | |
| 慘 |
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji,shinjitai form惨)
慘• (cham, chim) (hangeul참,침,revised cham, chim,McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im,Yale cham, chim)
{{rfdef}}.慘:Hán Nôm readings:thảm,thom,thỏm
{{rfdef}}.