| ||||||||
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
恨 (Kangxi radical 61,心+6, 9 strokes,cangjie input心日女 (PAV),four-corner97032,composition⿰忄艮)
| simp. andtrad. | 恨 | |
|---|---|---|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ɡɯːns): semantic 忄(“heart; thought; emotion”) + phonetic 艮(OC*kɯːns).
| Variety | Location | 恨 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xən⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /xən⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /xən⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /xẽ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /xə̃⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /xən³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /xẽ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /xə̃²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /xəŋ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /xə̃n¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /xɤŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /xən³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /xən¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /xen²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /xə̃²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /xən⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /xən⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xəŋ⁴⁵/仇~ /xəŋ⁵³/~人 |
| Pingyao | /xəŋ⁵³/ /xəŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /xə̃ŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦəŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦən³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦen¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɦaŋ²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /xʌ̃²²/ |
| Tunxi | /xɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xən⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /hən⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /hɛn²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hen⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /hen⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɐŋ²²/ |
| Nanning | /hɐn²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hɐŋ²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hun²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɔuŋ²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xaiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /hɯŋ³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /hun³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 恨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 痕 (53) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡艮切 |
| Baxter | honH |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦənH/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦənH/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣənH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦənH/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣənH/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣənH/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣənH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | han6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 恨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ honH › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m-q]ˁə[n]-s/ |
| English | regret |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 恨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3938 |
| Phonetic component | 艮 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 恨 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯːns/ |
恨
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 怨 | |
| Formal(Written Standard Chinese) | 恨,憎恨,嫌惡,怨恨 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 恨 |
| Taiwan | 恨 | |
| Malaysia | 恨 | |
| Singapore | 恨 | |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 恨 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 恨 |
| Ürümqi | 恨 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 恨 |
| Wuhan | 恨,懥怨 | |
| Liuzhou | 恨 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 恨 |
| Hefei | 恨 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 憎,嬲 |
| Hong Kong | 憎 | |
| Dongguan | 憎 | |
| Yangjiang | 嬲 | |
| Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu) | 憎 | |
| Singapore(Guangfu) | 憎 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 恨 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 恨 |
| Miaoli(N. Sixian) | 恨 | |
| Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian) | 恨 | |
| Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu) | 恨 | |
| Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu) | 恨 | |
| Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping) | 恨 | |
| Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 恨 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 恨 |
| Xinzhou | 恨 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 恨 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 恨 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 恨,猌 |
| Zhangzhou | 猌 | |
| Tainan | 恨,猌 | |
| Penang(Hokkien) | 猌,惱 | |
| Singapore(Hokkien) | 猌 | |
| Chaozhou | 恨 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning(Tingzi) | 恨 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 恨 |
| Wenzhou | 恨 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 恨 |
| Shuangfeng | 馮,恨 | |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 恨 |
| はん Grade: S |
| irregular |
FromMiddle Chinese恨 (MC honH).
| Historical readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅘᅳᆫ〮 (Yale:hhún) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 애ᄃᆞᆯ (Yale:aytol) | ᄒᆞᆫ (Yale:hon) |

恨:Hán Nôm readings:hận,giận,hằn,hờn
{{rfdef}}.