| to think; to consider | to miss; to think of; to read to miss; to think of; to read; to study (a subject); to attend (a school); to read aloud; idea; remembrance; twenty | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad.(思念) | 思 | 念 | |
| simp.#(思念) | 思 | 念 | |
| [Show/Hide] |
|---|
edit 思念私念 |
edit 思念私念 |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 思 | 念 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 添 (157) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 息兹切 | 奴店切 |
| Baxter | si | nemH |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨ/ | /nemH/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sɨ/ | /nemH/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sie/ | /nɛmH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɨ/ | /nɛmH/ |
| Li Rong | /siə/ | /nemH/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭə/ | /niemH/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si/ | /niemH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sī | niàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si1 | nim6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 思 | 念 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sī | niàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ si › | ‹ nemH › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ə/ | /*nˁim-s/ |
| English | think | think of |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 思 | 念 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13835 | 6588 |
| Phonetic component | 囟 | 今 |
| Rime group | 之 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 思 | 念 |
| Old Chinese | /*snɯ/ | /*nɯːms/ |
| Notes | 或以心含會意 | |
思念
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal(Written Standard Chinese) | 想念,思念,掛念,惦念,懷念 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 想念,想 |
| Singapore | 想念,想 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 算 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掛住,掛望 |
| Hong Kong | 掛住 | |
| Singapore(Guangfu) | 掛住 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 數念,心念 |
| Xiamen(Tong'an) | 數念 | |
| Quanzhou | 數念,心念 | |
| Zhangzhou | 數念,心念 | |
| Tainan | 想,數念,思念 | |
| Penang(Hokkien) | 數念 | |
| Singapore(Hokkien) | 數念 | |
| Manila(Hokkien) | 數念 | |
| Singapore(Teochew) | 思念 | |
| Wenchang | 想念 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 算,干掛 |
| Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang) | 算,念,干掛 | |
| Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 干掛 | |
| Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu) | 干掛 | |
| Xianyou | 算,干掛 | |
| Xianyou(Fengting) | 算,干掛 | |
| Xianyou(Youyang) | 算,干掛 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 想,牽記,想念 somewhat literary |
| Suzhou | 牽記 | |
| Ningbo | 忖 | |
| Jinhua | 想,忖 | |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 思 | 念 |
| し Grade: 2 | ねん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | goon |
FromMiddle Chinese思念 (MC si nemH).
思念する• (shinensuru) suru (stem思念し(shinenshi),past思念した(shinenshita))
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 思念し | しねんし | shinen shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 思念し | しねんし | shinen shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 思念する | しねんする | shinen suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 思念する | しねんする | shinen suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 思念すれ | しねんすれ | shinen sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 思念せよ¹ 思念しろ² | しねんせよ¹ しねんしろ² | shinen seyo¹ shinen shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 思念される | しねんされる | shinen sareru | |
| Causative | 思念させる 思念さす | しねんさせる しねんさす | shinen saseru shinen sasu | |
| Potential | 思念できる | しねんできる | shinen dekiru | |
| Volitional | 思念しよう | しねんしよう | shinen shiyō | |
| Negative | 思念しない | しねんしない | shinen shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 思念せず | しねんせず | shinen sezu | |
| Formal | 思念します | しねんします | shinen shimasu | |
| Perfective | 思念した | しねんした | shinen shita | |
| Conjunctive | 思念して | しねんして | shinen shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 思念すれば | しねんすれば | shinen sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||