Germany; virtue; goodness Germany; virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favour; character; kind | to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. andtrad. (德行) | 德 | 行 | |
edit 德性德行 |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 德 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 多則切 | 下更切 |
| Baxter | tok | haengH |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tək̚/ | /ɦˠæŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tək̚/ | /ɦᵚaŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tək̚/ | /ɣaŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tək̚/ | /ɦaɨjŋH/ |
| Li Rong | /tək̚/ | /ɣɐŋH/ |
| Wang Li | /tək̚/ | /ɣɐŋH/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tək̚/ | /ɣɐŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | de | hèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dak1 | hang6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 德 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dé | xíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tok › | ‹ hængH › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁək/ | /*[ɡ]ˁraŋ-s/ |
| English | virtue | action |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 德 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 4/4 |
| No. | 17266 | 13876 |
| Phonetic component | 直 | 行 |
| Rime group | 職 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 德 | 行 |
| Old Chinese | /*tɯːɡ/ | /*ɡraːŋs/ |
德行
edit 德性德行 |
德行