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彌

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:弥

彌	U+5F4C,彌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F4C

←彋
[U+5F4B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

彍 →
[U+5F4D]

Translingual

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Japanese	弥
Simplified	弥
Traditional	彌

Han character

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彌 (Kangxi radical 57,弓+14, 17 strokes,cangjie input弓一火月 (NMFB),four-corner1122₇,composition⿰弓爾)

Derived characters

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𡄣, 𡓭, 㜷, 𡾱, 𭣐, 瀰, 獼, 瓕, 𮂖, 䉲, 𦇯, 䕳, 𮕖, 䥸, 𬬠, 𨣾, 𮩚, 𮬚, 𱋂

Chinese

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trad.		彌
simp.		弥^*
alternative forms		𢑀㣆

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character彌
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)
Small seal script

Characters in the samephonetic series (爾)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嬭	rneːlʔ, niːlʔ
禰	*niːlʔ
镾	niːlʔ, mnel
薾	*niːlʔ
檷	*niːlʔ
鑈	niːlʔ, neːb
瀰	niːlʔ, mnel, *mnelʔ
獼	*mnel
瓕	*mnel
彌	*mnel
鸍	mnel, hnjel
擟	*mnel
濔	*mnelʔ
壐	*smlelʔ
璽	*smlelʔ
爾	*njelʔ
邇	*njelʔ
獮	*smlenʔ
籋	neb, neːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*mnel): semantic 弓 + phonetic 爾(OC*njelʔ).

Etymology 1

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):mí (mi²)
(Zhuyin):ㄇㄧˊ
Cantonese(Jyutping):mei⁴ /nei⁴
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):mì
(Hailu,HRS):mi
(Meixian,Guangdong):ni³
Eastern Min(BUC):mì
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):bi²
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):bî /mî /mí /ní /nî
(Teochew,Peng'im):ni²
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁶mi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:mí
  - Zhuyin:ㄇㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:mí
  - Wade–Giles:mi²
  - Yale:mí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:mi
  - Palladius:ми(mi)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/mi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:mei⁴ / nei⁴
  - Yale:mèih / nèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin:mei⁴ / nei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization:méi⁴ / néi⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/mei̯²¹/, /nei̯²¹/

Note: nei4 - more common variant.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:mì
  - Hakka Romanization System:mi^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:mi²
  - SinologicalIPA:/mi¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:mi
  - SinologicalIPA:/mi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:ni³
  - SinologicalIPA:/ni³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:mì
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/mi⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:bi²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:bí
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/pi¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:bi²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/pi²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:bî
  - Tâi-lô:bî
  - Phofsit Daibuun:bii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/bi¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/bi²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei):/bi²⁴/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:mî
  - Tâi-lô:mî
  - Phofsit Daibuun:mii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/mĩ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei):/mĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/mĩ²³/
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:mí
  - Tâi-lô:mí
  - Phofsit Daibuun:mie
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/mĩ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei):/mĩ⁵³/
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:ní
  - Tâi-lô:ní
  - Phofsit Daibuun:nie
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/nĩ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei):/nĩ⁵³/
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:nî
  - Tâi-lô:nî
  - Phofsit Daibuun:nii
  - IPA (Taipei):/nĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/nĩ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:ni²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:ní
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ni⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁶mi
  - MiniDict:mi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³mi
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/mi²³/

Middle Chinese:mjie

Rime
Character	彌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	武移切
Baxter	mjie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/mjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miə̆/
Li Rong	/mie/
Wang Li	/mǐe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*m-nə[r]/
(Zhengzhang):/*mnel/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	彌
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mí
Middle Chinese	‹ mjie ›
Old Chinese	/*m-nə[r]/
English	to complete
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	彌
Reading #	1/1
No.	2808
Phonetic component	爾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	彌
Old Chinese	/*mnel/

Definitions

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彌

torelax abow
tofill; tocover
full;overflowing;extensive
alt. forms:瀰 /弥
long;distant
more
- 顏淵喟然歎曰：「仰之彌高，鑽之彌堅。」[Traditional Chinese poetry,trad.]
  颜渊喟然叹曰：「仰之弥高，钻之弥坚。」[Traditional Chinese poetry,simp.]
  From: TheAnalects of Confucius,c. 475 – 221BCE, translated based onJames Legge's version
  Yán Yuān kuìrán tàn yuē: “Yǎng zhīmí gāo, zuān zhīmí jiān.”[Pinyin]
  Yan Yuan, in admiration of the Master's doctrines, sighed and said, “I looked up to them, and they seemed to becomemore high; I tried to penetrate them, and they seemed to becomemore firm; […]
- 然則諸侯之地有限，暴秦之欲無厭，奉之彌繁，侵之愈急。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  然则诸侯之地有限，暴秦之欲无厌，奉之弥繁，侵之愈急。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:11^th centuryCE,蘇洵 (Su Xun),六國論
  Ránzé zhūhóu zhī dì yǒu xiàn, bào Qín zhī yù wú yàn, fèng zhīmí fán, qīn zhī yù jí.[Pinyin]
  The lands of the six states were limited, while the desire of Qin was insatiable. Themore frequent the six states offered Qin land, the hastier Qin invaded them.
tomend; torepair
asurname

Synonyms

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(more):

edit

加二(¹ka-gni)(Wu)
加偌(Hokkien)
又加(⁶yi-ka)(Wu)
又閣較 /又阁较(Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
愈(yù)
愈加(yùjiā)
愈發 /愈发(yùfā)
愈益(yùyì)
更(gèng)
更加(gèngjiā)
更見 /更见(gen⁴ jian⁴)(Sichuanese)
益(yì)(literary)
益發 /益发(yìfā)
罔(muōng)(Eastern Min)
越
越加(yuèjiā)
越發 /越发(yuèfā)
重(Cantonese)
閣較 /阁较(Hokkien)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:mí
  - Zhuyin:ㄇㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:mí
  - Wade–Giles:mi²
  - Yale:mí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:mi
  - Palladius:ми(mi)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/mi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:mei⁴ / nei⁴
  - Yale:mèih / nèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin:mei⁴ / nei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization:méi⁴ / néi⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/mei̯²¹/, /nei̯²¹/

Note: nei4 - more common variant.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:mì
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/mi⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:bi²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:bí
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/pi¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:bi²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/pi²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:bî
  - Tâi-lô:bî
  - Phofsit Daibuun:bii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/bi¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/bi²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei):/bi²⁴/
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:mî
  - Tâi-lô:mî
  - Phofsit Daibuun:mii
  - IPA (Taipei):/mĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/mĩ²³/
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:mí
  - Tâi-lô:mí
  - Phofsit Daibuun:mie
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/mĩ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei):/mĩ⁵³/
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:bí
  - Tâi-lô:bí
  - Phofsit Daibuun:bie
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/bi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei):/bi⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:mi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:mî
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/mi⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁶mi
  - MiniDict:mi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³mi
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/mi²³/

Middle Chinese:mjie

Rime
Character	彌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	武移切
Baxter	mjie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/mjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miə̆/
Li Rong	/mie/
Wang Li	/mǐe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei⁴

Definitions

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彌

Used in transcription.
阿彌陀佛／阿弥陀佛 ― Āmítuófó ― Amitabha
阿耳忒彌斯／阿耳忒弥斯 ― Ā'ěrtèmísī ― Artemis
彌賽亞／弥赛亚 ― Mísàiyà ― Messiah
堅彌地街／坚弥地街[Cantonese] ― gin¹nei⁴ dei⁶ gaai¹[Jyutping] ― Kennedy Street
彌敦道／弥敦道[Cantonese] ― nei⁴ deon¹ dou⁶[Jyutping] ― Nathan Road

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):mǐ (mi³)
(Zhuyin):ㄇㄧˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:mǐ
  - Zhuyin:ㄇㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:mǐ
  - Wade–Giles:mi³
  - Yale:mǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:mii
  - Palladius:ми(mi)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/mi²¹⁴/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*m-nə[r]ʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	彌
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mí
Middle Chinese	‹ mjie^X ›
Old Chinese	/*m-nə[r]ʔ/
English	stop
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.