帝 (Kangxi radical 50,巾+6, 9 strokes,cangjie input卜月中月 (YBLB),four-corner0022₇,composition⿱⿳亠丷冖巾)

• 偙,啼,𭏅,媂,崹,揥,渧,𭦽,腣,楴,𤧛,𬊱,遆,碲,禘,𮇱,締(缔),褅,諦(谛),𮙫,蹄,𮠺,鍗,𩋣,𩤢,䱱(𬶤),𪕬,𪖰,𪯐,𢅛,𢋠,䫕,㡣,鶙,𨼨,𪼀,蒂,啻,㛳,𢝃,𪪶,𬃨

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 330, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8865
• Dae Jaweon: page 636, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 738, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5E1D

Historical forms of the character帝
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Ancient script	Small seal script

Pictogram (象形). Possible interpretations:

• The sepal of a flower; original form of蒂 (OC*teːds, “stem; peduncle”).
• Tied-upfirewood perhaps used as a sacrifice; original form of禘 (OC*deːɡs).
• An altar; original form of禘 (OC*deːɡs).
• Anasterism joining three stars ofUrsa Major with three ofUrsa Minor, together withThuban andKochab. Around 2000 BCE the three top-to-bottom lines would have crossed at the north celestial pole, where the god 帝 dwelt (Pankenier, 2004).

The character's first attested use is for “God of Heaven”; it was later used as a title for emperors.Shuowen erroneously interprets the character to be aphono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*teːɡs): semantic 丄(“up; above”) + phonetic 朿(OC*sʰeɡs).

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*teɣ(“God”); compareTibetanཐེ(the,“celestial gods of the Bon religion”),Jingpho[script needed](mə³¹-tai³³,“god of the sky”),Proto-Bodo-Garo*mɯ-Dai⁴(“spirit; god”) (Coblin, 1986;Schuessler, 2007;Sagart, 2011). Cognate with禘 (OC*deːɡs, “a kind of sacrifice”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively,Sagart (1999) derives it from a root*tek(“to be master over; to rule over”), whence also適 (OC *ᵃtek, “to rule; to control”),嫡 (OC *ᵃtek, “son of principal wife”).

帝

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)God ofHeaven
2. emperor;sovereign
3. short for帝國主義／帝国主义 (dìguózhǔyì, “imperialism”)

   反帝鬥爭／反帝斗争  ― fǎndì dòuzhēng  ―  anti-imperialism struggle

• “帝”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
• William Campbell (1913),A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published1961,→OCLC, page676.
• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “帝”, in臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[2] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese),Taihoku:Government-General of Taiwan,→OCLC
• “帝”, in臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka),Ministry of Education, R.O.C.,2022.
• 李如龙[Li, Ru-long];刘福铸[Liu, Fu-zhu];吴华英[Wu, Hua-ying];黄国城[Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “帝”, in莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min),Xiamen University Press,→ISBN, page151.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆[Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “帝”, in莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page54.

Shinjitai	帝
Kyūjitai [1][2]	帝󠄁 帝+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	帝󠄃 帝+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. Seehere for details.

(Jōyō kanji)

1. sovereign

• Go-on:たい(tai)
• Kan-on:てい(tei,Jōyō)
• Tō-on:て(te)
• Kun:みかど(mikado,帝)
• Nanori:ただ(tada)、みかど(mikado)

• “^△帝”, in漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese),The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation,2015–2026

FromMiddle Chinese帝 (MC tejH). Recorded asMiddle Korean뎨〯(tyěy) (Yale:tyey) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

帝

帝 (eumhun임금제(imgeum je))

1. hanja form^? of제(“emperor”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[4]

帝:Hán Việt readings:đế^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}
帝:Nôm readings:đấy^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]},đí^[2][7],đê^[2],để^[2],đó^[2],rế^[7]

1. chữ Hán form ofđế(“emperor”)
2. chữ Nôm form ofđấy(“there,thatplace,that”)
3. chữ Nôm form ofrế(“bamboopad forplacinghotpots ontop”)

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