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岩

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:巖,礹,巗,碞,嵒,and嵓

岩	U+5CA9,岩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CA9

←岨
[U+5CA8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

岪 →
[U+5CAA]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Kangxi Dictionary:page 309, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7985
Dae Jaweon: page 609, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 766, character 7
Unihan data for U+5CA9

Chinese

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trad.		岩/嵒^/巗^/巖
simp.		岩
alternative forms		嵓

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character岩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 山(“hill”) + 石(“rock”).

Originally written as巖 –phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ŋraːm): semantic 山(“hill”) + phonetic 嚴(OC*ŋam). The variant form岩 first appeared in the clerical script in the Han dynasty era.

Etymology

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Cognate with嚴 (OC*ŋam, “majestic; stern; grave”) and儼 (OC*ŋamʔ, “dignified; majestic”). See嚴 for more.

癌 (ái, “cancer”) is a derivative of岩.

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):yán (yan²)
(Zhuyin):ㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese(Jyutping):ngaam⁴
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):ngàm
(Hailu,HRS):ngam
Eastern Min(BUC):ngàng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):ngang²
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):gâm /giâm
(Teochew,Peng'im):ngam⁵
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁶yi;⁶nge

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:yán
  - Zhuyin:ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:yán
  - Wade–Giles:yen²
  - Yale:yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:yan
  - Palladius:янь(janʹ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:ngaam⁴
  - Yale:ngàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin:ngaam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization:ngam⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ŋaːm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:ngàm
  - Hakka Romanization System:ngam^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:ngam²
  - SinologicalIPA:/ŋam¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:ngam
  - SinologicalIPA:/ŋam⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:ngàng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ŋaŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:ngang²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:ngáng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ŋaŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:ngang²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ŋaŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:gâm
  - Tâi-lô:gâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun:gaam
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei):/ɡam²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/ɡam²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/ɡam¹³/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Zhangzhou,variant inTaiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:giâm
  - Tâi-lô:giâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun:giaam
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/ɡiam²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Taipei):/ɡiam²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/ɡiam¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:ngam⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:ngâm
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ŋam⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁶yi;⁶nge
  - MiniDict:yi^去; nge^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³hhi;³nge
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/ɦi²³/,/ŋe²³/

Middle Chinese:ngaem

Rime
Character	岩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五銜切
Baxter	ngaem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠam/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚam/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋam/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨm/
Li Rong	/ŋam/
Wang Li	/ŋam/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋam/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[ŋ]ˤr[a]m/
(Zhengzhang):/*ŋraːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	岩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ ngæm ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ˁr[a]m/ (< uvular?)
English	rocky, lofty
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	岩
Reading #	1/1
No.	3684
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	巖
Old Chinese	/*ŋraːm/

Definitions

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岩

cliff
rock;stone;-ite
mountain peak
cave
(obsolete)tall;steep
(obsolete)precipitous andstrategicallylocated
- 制，巖邑也，虢叔死焉。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  制，岩邑也，虢叔死焉。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:Commentary of Zuo,c. 4^th centuryBCE
  Zhì, yán yì yě, Guó Shū sǐ yān.[Pinyin]
  TheZhi area is adangerous and strategic place,Guo Shu died there.

Compounds

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七星岩(Qīxīngyán)
七里岩(Qīlǐyán)
偉晶岩 /伟晶岩
冰岩
冰磧岩 /冰碛岩
凝灰岩(nínghuīyán)
千岩萬壑 /千岩万壑(qiānyánwànhè)
噴出岩 /喷出岩
大岩桐
大慈岩(Dàcíyán)
安山岩(ānshānyán)
岩圈
岩基
岩壁(yánbì)
岩層 /岩层
岩岸
岩床
岩心(yánxīn)
岩棉
岩洞(yándòng)
岩溶(yánróng)
岩漿 /岩浆(yánjiāng)
岩灣 /岩湾(Yánwān)
岩田
岩石(yánshí)
岩石圈(yánshíquān)
岩石學 /岩石学(yánshíxué)
岩礁
岩羊(yányáng)
岩脈 /岩脉
岩鹽 /岩盐
巉岩(chányán)
懸岩 /悬岩
攀岩(pānyán)
斑岩(bānyán)
板岩(bǎnyán)
梅家岩(Méijiāyán)
水成岩(shuǐchéngyán)
沉積岩 /沉积岩(chénjīyán)
泥板岩(níbǎnyán)
油頁岩 /油页岩
流紋岩 /流纹岩
浮岩(fúyán)
深成岩
瀉水岩 /泻水岩(Xièshuǐyán)
火山岩(huǒshānyán)
火成岩(huǒchéngyán)
熔岩(róngyán)
片岩(piànyán)
片麻岩(piànmáyán)
玄武岩(xuánwǔyán)
玢岩(bīnyán)
瘦岩岩
白雲岩 /白云岩(báiyúnyán)
石灰岩(shíhuīyán)
石英岩
矽質岩 /矽质岩
砂岩(shāyán)
硬頁岩 /硬页岩
磨變岩 /磨变岩
礁岩
礫岩 /砾岩(lìyán)
粘板岩
粒變岩 /粒变岩
粗面岩
紅岩寺 /红岩寺(Hóngyánsì)
結晶岩 /结晶岩
膨土岩
花崗岩 /花岗岩(huāgāngyán)
角礫岩 /角砾岩(jiǎolìyán)
角頁岩 /角页岩
輝綠岩 /辉绿岩
輝長岩 /辉长岩
鑼圈岩 /锣圈岩(Luóquānyán)
頁岩 /页岩(yèyán)
骨岩岩
高白岩(Gāobáiyán)
黃牛岩 /黄牛岩(Huángniúyán)
黑曜岩(hēiyàoyán)
龍巖 /龙岩(Lóngyán)

References

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“岩”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–

Japanese

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Kanji

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See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 岩

岩

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Go-on:げん(gen)
Kan-on:がん(gan,Jōyō)
Kun:いわ(iwa,岩,Jōyō)^{←いは(ifa,岩,historical)}

Compounds

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岩(がん)漿(しょう)(ganshō):magma
松(しょう)脂(し)岩(がん)(shōshigan):pitchstone

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
岩
いわ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
巌磐

/ipa/ →/ifa/ →/iwa/

FromOld Japanese. Found in theMan'yōshū finished some time after 759 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation

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(Tokyo)いわ[ìwáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [iβ̞a̠]

Noun

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岩(いわ)• (iwa) ^{←いは(ifa)^?}

rock
- 1999 July 22, “岩(がん)窟(くつ)魔(ま)人(じん)オーガ・ロック [Cave Jinn Ogre Rock]”, inVol.4,Konami:
  体(からだ)が岩(いわ)のため守(しゅ)備(び)は高(たか)い。太(ふと)い腕(うで)のひと振(ふ)りに注(ちゅう)意(い)。
  Karada gaiwa no tame shubi wa takai. Futoi ude no hitofuri ni chūi.
  Its defence is strong thanks to itsrock body. Watch out for a swing of its massive arms.

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
岩
がん Grade: 2
kan'on

FromMiddle Chinese岩 (MC ngaem).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ɡã̠ɴ]

Affix

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岩(がん)• (gan)

rock

References

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^
c.759,Man’yōshū,book 15, poem 3590:
, texthere
^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
^NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese),Tokyo:NHK Publishing, Inc.,→ISBN
^Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997),新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

“岩”, in漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese),The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation,2015–2026

Korean

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Hanja

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岩 (eum암(am))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

Miyako

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Kanji

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See also:

Category:Miyako terms spelled with 岩

岩

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Kun:ぴぃし (pїshi)

Etymology

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FromProto-Ryukyuan*piri (compare平良(Pïsara,“Hirara”) <*pirara), fromProto-Japonic*piri (possibly related to*pira(“slope”)^[1]).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [pɨɕi]

Noun

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岩(ぴぃし) (psïshi)

rock

References

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^Pellard, Thomas."A (more) comparative approach to some Japanese etymologies." Studies in Japanese and Korean historical and theoretical linguistics and beyond (2017): 55-64.