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U+5C3A,尺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C3A

[U+5C39]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5C3B]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
4 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 44,+1, 4 strokes,cangjie input尸人 (SO),four-corner77807,composition)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 299, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7632
  • Dae Jaweon: page 595, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 964, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5C3A

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Warring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptionsQin slip scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the samephonetic series ()(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*tʰjaɡ
*tʰjaɡ

Uncertain. Various explanations include:

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad.
simp.#
Wikipedia has articles on:

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: 'chí' pronunciation only used in尺寸 (chícun).
Note:
  • ciak1 - “chi”;
  • ciak4 – “ruler”.
Note:
  • chióh - vernacular;
  • chék - literary.
Note:
  • cieo6/ciao6 - vernacular;
  • cih6 - literary.
Note:
  • chhioh/sioh - vernacular;
  • chhek/chhiak - literary.
Note:
  • cioh4 - Shantou;
  • ciêh4 - Chaozhou.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin:qio7 / qig4
      • SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰiɔ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰik̚⁵/
Note:
  • cio7 - vernacular;
  • qig4 - literary.
Note:
  • cha6 - vernacular;
  • chr6 - literary.
Note:
  • qio2 - vernacular;
  • qi2 - literary.
Note:
  • qia6 - vernacular;
  • qi6 - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    VarietyLocation
    MandarinBeijing/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
    Harbin/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
    Tianjin/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
    Jinan/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
    Qingdao/tʃʰz̩⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
    Xi'an/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹/
    Xining/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
    Ürümqi/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
    Wuhan/t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
    Chengdu/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
    Guiyang/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
    Kunming/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³¹/
    Nanjing/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩ʔ⁵/
    Hefei/ʈ͡ʂʰəʔ⁵/
    JinTaiyuan/t͡sʰəʔ²/
    Pingyao/ʈ͡ʂʰʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot/t͡sʰəʔ⁴³/
    WuShanghai/t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
    Suzhou/t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou/t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou/t͡sʰei²¹³/
    HuiShexian/t͡ɕʰiʔ²¹/
    Tunxi/t͡ɕʰi⁵/
    XiangChangsha/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
    /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
    Xiangtan/ʈ͡ʂʰɒ²⁴/
    GanNanchang/t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
    HakkaMeixian/t͡sʰak̚¹/
    Taoyuan/tʃʰɑk̚²²/
    CantoneseGuangzhou/t͡sʰɛk̚³/
    Nanning/t͡sʰɛk̚³³/
    Hong Kong/t͡sʰɛk̚³/
    MinXiamen (Hokkien)/t͡sʰik̚³²/
    /t͡sʰioʔ³²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min)/t͡sʰuɔʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min)/t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew)/t͡sʰioʔ²/
    Haikou (Hainanese)/sek̚³/
    /sio⁵⁵/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading #1/1
    Initial () (24)
    Final () (123)
    Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合)Open
    Division ()III
    Fanqie
    Baxtertsyhek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡ɕʰiæk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /cʰiajk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡ɕʰĭɛk̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    chi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    cik1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading #1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    chǐ
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tsyhek ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tʰAk/
    Englishfoot (measure)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading #1/1
    No.1461
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tʰjaɡ/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    1. chi;Chinese foot(a traditional Chineseunit ofdistance based on the humanforearm and equal to 10cun () or1/10zhang ())
    2. (Mainland China)mainland chi; Chinese foot,standardized in 1984 as1/3meter
    3. (Taiwan)Taiwanese foot, standardized as10/33 meter andidentical to theJapaneseshaku
    4. (Hong Kong)chek;Hong Kong foot, standardized as 0.371475 meters
    5. (informal)imperial foot
      Synonyms:英尺(yīngchǐ),(chǐ)
    6. ruler(straightedge)(Classifier:mc; mhmn; m)
    7. tape measure
    Synonyms
    [edit]
    • (ruler):
    edit
    Dialectal synonyms of尺子 (“ruler”)[map]
    VarietyLocationWords
    Formal(Written Standard Chinese),尺子
    Northeastern MandarinBeijing
    Taiwan
    Harbin
    Singapore
    Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)
    Central Plains MandarinLuoyang尺子
    Wanrong
    Xi'an尺子
    Xining尺子
    Xuzhou尺子
    Lanyin MandarinLanzhou尺子
    Ürümqi尺子
    Southwestern MandarinChengdu,尺子,尺片兒
    Wuhan
    Guiyang尺子
    Liuzhou尺子
    Jianghuai MandarinNanjing
    CantoneseGuangzhou間尺
    Hong Kong間尺,
    Taishan間尺,
    Dongguan
    GanNanchang
    Lichuan
    Pingxiang
    HakkaMeixian
    Miaoli(N. Sixian)
    Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)
    Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)
    Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)
    Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)
    Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)
    HuizhouJixi
    JinTaiyuan尺子
    Xinzhou尺子
    Northern MinJian'ou
    Eastern MinFuzhou
    Southern MinJinjiang格尺
    Shantou
    Puning格尺
    Leizhou
    Haikou
    Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi)
    WuShanghai(Chongming)
    Danyang
    Hangzhou
    Ningbo
    Wenzhou
    Jinhua
    XiangChangsha
    See also
    [edit]

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Descendants
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    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    trad.
    simp.#

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Definitions

    [edit]

    1. (music)Kunqugongchenotation for thenotere (2).
    2. (music)Cantonese operagongchenotation for thenotere (2).

    Compounds

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    Derived terms

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    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    See also:

    (Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. shaku (measurement)
    2. measure

    Readings

    [edit]

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 1

    [edit]
    EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    JapaneseWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediaja
    Kanji in this term
    しゃく
    Grade: 6
    on'yomi

    FromMiddle Chinese (MC tsyhek).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    (しゃく)or(せき) (shakuorseki

    1. theshaku, "metalshaku", orJapanese foot: atraditionalJapaneseunit oflengthequal to 10sun () or110 (),standardized as1033 of ameter
      • 938,Minamoto no Shitagō,Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 6, page46:
        [...] 廣本無上字、説文、尺十寸也、人手却十分動脈爲寸口、十寸爲尺、尺所以指尺規榘事也从尸从乙、乙所識也、今俗呼佐之或呼毛乃佐之 [...]
        (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
      • c. 1177-1188:Iroha Jiruishō (volume 9, page 55)
        シャク 十寸為尺
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      • 1603,Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page741:
        Xacu. シャク (尺) 1 palmoよりも少し長い, ある尺度. 例, Ixxacu, nixacu. (一尺, 二尺)Xacuuo toru. l, xacudoru. (尺を取る. または, 尺取る) 上述のようなpalmoを単位として寸法を計る.
        (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
    2. the "whaleshaku", avariant of theshakuused inmeasuringclothequal to2566 of ameter
    3. length
      動画(どうが)(しゃく)()ばす
      dōga noshaku o nobasu
      to prolong a video
      (literally, “to increase thelength of a video”)
      (しゃく)()たない
      shaku ga motanai
      the video is not long enough
      (しゃく)()りなくて(はな)せなかった(はなし)
      shaku ga tarinakute hanasenakatta hanashi
      things I couldn't discuss due to running out of time
    4. short for尺障泥(shaku aori,geometer moth,Geometra papilionaria)
      • 1603,Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page741:
        Xacu. l, xacumuxi. シャク. または, しゃくむし (尺. または, 尺虫) 歩くときに身を縮めたりしながら進む一種の小虫.Xacude taiuo tçuru. (尺で鯛を釣る) 諺. この小虫で鯛を釣って取る人のように, 小さなもので大きなものを手に入れる.
        (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
    5. short for尺取虫(shaku-tori mushi,inchworm)
    Idioms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    たかばかり
    Grade: 6
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spellings
    竹量
    鷹秤

    Compound of bound(taka,bamboo) +‎測り(hakari), voiced due tocompounding.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): [ta̠ka̠ba̠ka̠ɾʲi]

    Noun

    [edit]

    (たかばかり) (takabakari

    1. abamboomeasure
      • 938,Minamoto no Shitagō,Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 6, page46:
        魏武上雜物䟽云、象牙尺、齒亦反、辨色立成云、尺竹量也、太加波可利
        Rule The Record of Emperor Wei Wu's Various Possessions speaks of an ivory rule, fanqie shaku. The Establishment of Distinct Colours says arule is a bamboo measure,takapakari.

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
    2. ^NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese),Tokyo:NHK Publishing, Inc.,→ISBN

    Korean

    [edit]

    Hanja

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    (eum(cheok))

    1. hanja form? of(Korean foot (30.3cm))
    2. hanja form? of(ruler;straightedge)

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

    [edit]

    :Hán Việt readings:xích[1][2][3][4]
    :Nôm readings:xệch[2][5][4],xách[1][5],xế[2][5],xích[3][6],sệch[2],xạch[2],xịch[5]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

    References

    [edit]
    1. 1.01.1Nguyễn (2014).
    2. 2.02.12.22.32.4Trần (2004).
    3. 3.03.1Bonet (1899).
    4. 4.04.1Génibrel (1898).
    5. 5.05.15.25.3Hồ (1976).
    6. ^Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=尺&oldid=86461056"
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