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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

U+5C0F,小
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C0F

[U+5C0E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5C10]
U+2F29,⼩
KANGXI RADICAL SMALL

[U+2F28]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F2A]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 42

(Kangxi radical 42,+0, 3 strokes,cangjie input弓金 (NC),four-corner90000,composition or丿)

  1. Kangxi radical #42,.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №15

Derived characters

[edit]
Additional Derived Characters

Further reading

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 296, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7473
  • Dae Jaweon: page 587, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 560, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5C0F

Chinese

[edit]
simp. andtrad.
alternative forms𡮐ancient

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
ShangWestern ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsQin slip scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the samephonetic series ()(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
*sm̥ʰreːw, *mewʔ
*sʰroːʔ
*sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ
*sm̥ʰreːws
*sm̥ʰreːws
*mewʔ
*mewʔ
*mewʔ
*mewʔ
*mewʔ, *mews
*mews
*mews
*sm̥ʰewʔ
*smewʔ
*hmjewʔ, *hmjews
*m̥ʰjewʔ
*senʔ, *smos

Two possible interpretations:

  • Ideogram (指事) – three small dots > small.
  • Pictogram (象形) – three granules of sand – original character of (OC*sraːl, *sraːls) > small.

Starting from some bronze inscriptions, the dots have become elongated. Based on this form,Shuowen erroneously considers it to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): (to divide; to separate) + (small object).

Compare with (OC*hmjewʔ, *hmjews), represented by four dots in its oracle bone script form. Unrelated to the bottom part of,,,, and.

Etymology 1

[edit]

Often thought to be related to (OC*hmjewʔ, *hmjews) (e.g.Wang, 1982), butSchuessler (2007) points out that the alternation betweenMiddle Chinese/s-/ and/ɕ-/ within a word family is exceptional.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note:
  • sió - vernacular;
  • siáu - literary.
Note:
  • siê2/sio2 - vernacular;
  • siao2/siou2 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (16)
Final () (91)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()III
Fanqie
BaxtersjewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/siᴇuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/siɛuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/sjæuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/siawX/
Li
Rong
/siɛuX/
Wang
Li
/sĭɛuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/si̯ɛuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xiǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
siu2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xiǎo
Middle
Chinese
‹ sjewX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]ewʔ/
Englishsmall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.13705
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*smewʔ/
Notes

Definitions

[edit]

  1. small,tiny,little
      ― xiǎohái  ―  child
    Antonym:
  2. minor,petty
  3. briefly, for a short while
      ― xiǎo  ―  brief rest
  4. slightly,a little
  5. young
      ― xiǎogǒu  ― puppy
      ― xiǎomāo  ― kitten
      ― xiǎoyáng  ― lamb
    嬰兒自己東西[MSC,trad.]
    婴儿自己东西[MSC,simp.]
    Zhè yīng'ér tàixiǎo le, bù néng zìjǐ chī dōngxī.[Pinyin]
    The baby is tooyoung to feed itself.
    布什  ― xiǎo Bùshí  ―  BushJr. (George W. Bush)
    Antonym:(lǎo)
  6. (the)youngest
    兒子儿子  ― xiǎo'érzǐ  ―  youngest son
  7. a young person;child,kid,baby
    一家老  ― yījiālǎoxiǎo  ―  the entire family, old and young
  8. Prefix used in front of family name to indicate informality or affection (for young people, (lǎo) for elder people).
    For example, Someone called李國寶/李国宝 can be called小李.
  9. (humble)my,our
      ― xiǎo  ―  [humble] I
      ― xiǎo  ―  [humble] my daughter
      ― xiǎode  ―  [humble] I
    請多關照[MSC,trad.]
    请多关照[MSC,simp.]
    Xiǎo xìng Chén, qǐng duō guānzhào.[Pinyin]
    My surname is Chen, nice to meet you.
  10. Short for小學小学 (xiǎoxué, “primary school”).
    1. Used in the abbreviation of the name of a primary school.
        ― ÈrXiǎo  ―  No. 2Primary School
    2. Used with a number to indicate thelevel ofprimaryeducation.
        ― xiǎo  ― P1 (first year inprimary school)
  11. (dialectal)concubine
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of (“small”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)
Northeastern MandarinBeijing
Taiwan
Harbin
Malaysia
Singapore
Jilu MandarinTianjin
Jinan
Central Plains MandarinWanrong
Xi'an,
Xining,
Xuzhou
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan
Ürümqi,
Southwestern MandarinChengdu
Wuhan
Guiyang
Guilin
Liuzhou
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing
Yangzhou
Hefei
CantoneseGuangzhou
Hong Kong
Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)
Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)
Hong Kong(Ting Kok)
Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)
Macau
Guangzhou(Panyu)
Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)
Guangzhou(Conghua)
Guangzhou(Zengcheng)
Foshan
Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)
Foshan(Shunde)
Foshan(Sanshui)
Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)
Zhongshan(Shiqi)
Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
Zhuhai(Doumen)
Jiangmen(Baisha)
Jiangmen(Xinhui)
Taishan
Kaiping(Chikan)
Enping(Niujiang)
Heshan(Yayao)
Dongguan
Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)
Qingyuan
Fogang
Yingde(Hanguang)
Yangshan
Lianzhou(Qingshui; Sihui)
Shaoguan
Shaoguan(Qujiang)
Renhua
Lechang
Zhaoqing(Gaoyao)
Sihui
Guangning
Deqing
Huaiji
Yunfu
Xinxing
Luoding
Yunan(Pingtai)
Yangjiang
Xinyi
Maoming(Xinpo)
Lianjiang
Nanning
Wuzhou,𱒃
Yulin𱒃
Hepu(Lianzhou)𱒃
Hepu(Shatian)𱒃
Guiping,
Guiping(Mule)𱒃
Pingnan
Mengshan(Xihe)
Guigang(Gangcheng)
Guigang(Nanjiang)
Guigang(Pingdong)
Beiliu(Tangliao)
Baise
Bobai
Lingshan
Pubei
Qinzhou
Qinzhou(Xiniujiao)𱒃
Beihai
Beihai(Nankang)
Beihai(Yingpan)𱒃
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà),
Ningming
Hengzhou
Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)
Danzhou
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)
Singapore(Guangfu)
Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)
Móng Cái
GanNanchang,
Lichuan,
Pingxiang,
HakkaMeixian,
Xingning
Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)
Huiyang
Huidong(Daling)
Dongguan(Qingxi)
Boluo(Bendihua)
Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)
Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)
Heyuan(Bendihua)
Longchuan(Tuocheng; Bendihua)
Heping(Linzhai; Bendihua)
Lianping(Longjie; Bendihua)
Shaoguan(Qujiang)
Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang)
Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)
Jiexi
Changting
Wuping
Wuping(Pingyu)
Liancheng
Ninghua
Yudu
Ruijin
Shicheng
Shangyou(Shexi)
Miaoli(N. Sixian)
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)
Hong Kong
Beiliu(Tang'an)
Mashan(Pianlian)
Senai(Huiyang)
HuizhouJixi
JinTaiyuan
Northern MinJian'ou
Eastern MinFuzhou,
Fuzhou(Changle)
Fuqing
Yongtai
Gutian
Fu'an
Ningde
Shouning
Zhouning
Fuding,
Matsu
Southern MinXiamen
Xiamen(Tong'an)
Quanzhou
Jinjiang
Nan'an
Hui'an
Anxi
Yongchun
Dehua
Zhangzhou
Zhangzhou(Longhai)
Zhangzhou(Changtai)
Hua'an
Nanjing
Pinghe
Zhangpu
Yunxiao
Zhao'an
Dongshan
Taipei,
New Taipei(Sanxia),
Kaohsiung,
Yilan,
Changhua(Lukang),
Taichung,
Tainan,
Hsinchu,
Kinmen
Penghu(Magong)
Penang(Hokkien)
Singapore(Hokkien)
Manila(Hokkien)
Zhangping(Yongfu)
Pingnan(Shangdu)
Chaozhou
Shantou
Shantou(Chenghai)
Shantou(Chaoyang)
Jieyang
Haifeng
Bangkok(Teochew)
Johor Bahru(Teochew)
Singapore(Teochew)
Batam(Teochew)
Pontianak(Teochew)
Leizhou
Wenchang,
Haikou,
Qionghai
Singapore(Hainanese),
Puxian MinPutian
Xianyou
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi)
Nanning(Shajing)
Binyang(Xinqiao)
Northern PinghuaGuilin(Chaoyang)
Guilin(Zhuyuan)
Lingchuan(Tanxia)
WuShanghai
Shanghai(Chongming)
Suzhou
Danyang
Hangzhou
Ningbo
Wenzhou,
Lishui
Jinyun
Jinhua
XiangChangsha,
Loudi
Shuangfeng
Quanzhou
Guanyang(Wenshi)
Dialectal synonyms of (“concubine”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Classical Chinese,,,妾媵,媵妾,侍妾,姬妾,側室,偏室,姑娘
Formal(Written Standard Chinese),偏房
Northeastern MandarinBeijing小太太兒,小婆婆兒,小奶奶兒,小的兒,屋兒裡人
Taiwan小老婆,姨太太
Harbin小老婆
Singapore小老婆
Jilu MandarinJinan小老婆
Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)小老婆兒,小婆子
Central Plains MandarinLuoyang小老婆兒
Wanrong小婆子
Xi'an小婆子,
Xuzhou小的兒,小的,小兒,小點子,小婆兒,小婆子,庶夫人
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan小老婆,
Lanzhou小老婆
Ürümqi小老婆
Southwestern MandarinChengdu小老婆,小婆子
Wuhan小堂客,,姨太太
Guiyang小婆娘,姨太太
Liuzhou小的,,小老婆,小婆
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing小老婆
CantoneseGuangzhou細婆,妾侍
Hong Kong細婆,妾侍
Dongguan細婆
GanNanchang小老婆,
Lichuan小婆
Pingxiang小老婆,小婆子
HakkaMeixian小婆
Yudu小老婆
Miaoli(N. Sixian)細姐,細婆,偏房
Miaoli(Gongguan; N. Sixian)細姐
Miaoli(Zhuolan; N. Sixian)細姐
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)細姆,細姐仔,細婆,偏房
Pingtung(Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)細姆
Kaohsiung(Meinong; S. Sixian)細姐仔
Kaohsiung(Shanlin; S. Sixian)細姐仔
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)細姐,細婆,偏房
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)細姐,細姨,偏房
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)細姐,細婆,偏房
Miaoli(Zhuolan; Raoping)細姨,細姐,細婆,偏房
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)細姐,細姨,偏房
HuizhouJixi細老嫗
JinTaiyuan小老婆,姨娘,姨太太
Xinzhou小婆子
Northern MinJian'ou小嬤
Eastern MinFuzhou細婆 non-face-to-face,細姐 face-to-face,姨太 older,姑娘 younger, face to face
Southern MinXiamen細姨
Quanzhou細姨
Jinjiang細姨
Yongchun細姨
Zhangzhou細姨
Taipei細姨
New Taipei(Sanxia)細姨
Kaohsiung細姨
Yilan細姨
Changhua(Lukang)細姨
Taichung細姨
Tainan細姨
Hsinchu細姨
Kinmen細姨
Penghu(Magong)細姨
Manila(Hokkien)細姨
Chaozhou姨囝
Leizhou細娘
Haikou細姩,細老婆,孧老婆,
Puxian MinPutian阿娌,阿姐 regional,細婆,細某,德配
Xianyou阿娌,細某,德配
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi)細婆
WuShanghai小老媽,小老婆,小娘子,偏房
Shanghai(Chongming)小老婆,小老官,姨太太
Suzhou小老媽
Danyang小老媽
Hangzhou小老婆
Ningbo小老𡢿
Wenzhou姨娘,姨娘兒
Jinhua小老婆,小婆
XiangChangsha小婆子,小堂客
Loudi
Hengyang妾婆子

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (Cantonese, minced oath)A euphemism of (“to fuck”).
    [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ― siu2 nei5![Jyutping]  ― Duck you!

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (chiefly Taiwan, vulgar)Alternative form of(shào,siâu),chiefly used in三小 (sānxiǎo).

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
See also:

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

See also

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
しょう
Grade: 1
on'yomi

/seu//ɕeu//ɕoː/

FromMiddle Chinese (MC sjewX).

The suffix sense is a clipping of小学校(shōgakkō,elementary school).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(しょう) (shōせう(seu)?

  1. smallness;small size, small (sometimes used as an abbreviation for small serving, etc.)
  2. Short for小の月(shō no tsuki).
  3. (historical) during theKamakura andMuromachi periods, a unit of field area equal to around 400square metres(Can weverify(+) this sense?)
    100 square footsteps before the Taikō land survey, and 120 square footsteps after
Antonyms
[edit]
Derived terms
[edit]
Idioms
[edit]
Coordinate terms
[edit]
  • (historical unit):
    • (だい)(dai,200/240 square footsteps)
    • (はん)(han,150/180 square footsteps; about 595.8m2)
    • (しょう)(shō,100/120 square footsteps; about 400m2)

Prefix

[edit]

(しょう) (shō-せう(seu-)?

  1. small,little

Suffix

[edit]

(しょう) (-shōせう(-seu)?

  1. suffix after names ofelementary schools
    (つくだ)(しょう)
    tsukuda-shō
    TsukudaElementary School

Proper noun

[edit]

(しょう) (Shōせう(Seu)?

  1. asurname

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/ko1//ko/

From theOld Japanese stem(ko-). Cognate with(ko,child).

Prefix

[edit]

() (ko-

  1. less in size or quantity,small,little,short
  2. less in intensity,small,light,slight
  3. ofsecondary importance,secondary,sub-
  4. infant
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms
Related terms
[edit]
Related terms

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/wo//o/

From theOld Japanese stem(wo-), modern(o-).

Prefix

[edit]

() (o-(wo-)?

  1. attached to certain nouns:
    1. small inshape orscale
      (ogawa,creek,literally "smallriver")
      (obune,smallboat)
    2. attached to certain names to give expression or feelings(Can weverify(+) this sense?)
      (Oda,literally, "smallrice paddy")
      (Ono,literally, "smallfield")
  2. used proverbially to represent "small" or "slight"(Can weverify(+) this sense?)
    小止みなく降る雨(oyaminaku furu ame)
    小暗い(ogurai michi)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
ささ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings

些些
Kanji in this term
さざ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings

些些

From theOld Japanese stemささ(sasa-), found in terms such as(sasa,bamboograss),囁く(sasayaku,towhisper), and些か(isasaka,a little), all related tosmall orslight.

Saza appears to be a later derivation fromsasa.

Prefix

[edit]

(ささ)or(さざ) (sasa-orsaza-

  1. attached to certain nouns to mean:
    1. small
    2. fine
    3. slight
Derived terms
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
  2. ^NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese),Tokyo:NHK Publishing, Inc.,→ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese (MC sjewX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448쇼ᇢ〯 (Yale:sywǒw)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576자ᄀᆞᆯ (Yale:cakol) (Yale:sywo)

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul)IPA(key):[sʰo̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul:[(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]
KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun작을(jageul so))

  1. Hanja form? of (smallness;smallthings).

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전/電子字典.[2]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

:Hán Việt readings:tiểu[1][2][3]
:Nôm readings:tiểu[1][2][3][4],tẻo[1][3],tĩu[3]

  1. (only before noun)Chữ Hán form oftiểu (small).

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1.01.11.2Nguyễn (2014).
  2. 2.02.1Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. 3.03.13.23.3Trần (2004).
  4. ^Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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