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宰

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:幸

宰	U+5BB0,宰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB0

←宯
[U+5BAF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

宱 →
[U+5BB1]

Translingual

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Han character

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宰 (Kangxi radical 40,宀+7, 10 strokes,cangjie input十卜廿十 (JYTJ),four-corner3040₁,composition⿱宀辛)

Derived characters

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滓, 榟, 㱰, 縡, 䏁, 䮨, 䔂

Additional Derived Characters

𠹼, 𢟓, 𢲟, 𪹞, 𱯙,𦞤, 𰥻, 𮃟, 𥻮, 𰬴, 𧪹, 𨫃, 𩝪, 𣪮, 𡪔, 𤌊

References

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Kangxi Dictionary:page 286, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7160
Dae Jaweon: page 565, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 935, character 6
Unihan data for U+5BB0

Chinese

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simp. andtrad.		宰
alternative forms		𡨧𡨔𠈾𡪤

Glyph origin

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Characters in the samephonetic series (宰)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
宰	*ʔsɯːʔ
縡	ʔsɯːʔ, ʔsɯːs
梓	*ʔsɯʔ
滓	*ʔsrɯʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 宀(“house”) + 䇂(“crime; sin”).

In the modern form, contains辛 instead.

Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):zǎi (zai³)
(Zhuyin):ㄗㄞˇ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):zai³
Cantonese(Jyutping):zoi²
Hakka(Sixian,PFS):chái
Jin(Wiktionary):zai²
Eastern Min(BUC):cāi
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):chái /cháiⁿ /táiⁿ
(Teochew,Peng'im):zai²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:zǎi
  - Zhuyin:ㄗㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:zǎi
  - Wade–Giles:tsai³
  - Yale:dzǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:tzae
  - Palladius:цзай(czaj)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:zai³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:zaai
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sai⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:zoi²
  - Yale:jói
  - Cantonese Pinyin:dzoi²
  - Guangdong Romanization:zoi²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɔːi̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:chái
  - Hakka Romanization System:zai^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:zai³
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sai̯³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:zai²
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/t͡sai⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:cāi
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sai³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou,GeneralTaiwanese,Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chái
  - Tâi-lô:tsái
  - Phofsit Daibuun:zae
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/t͡sai⁵⁵⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/t͡sai⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei,Xiamen):/t͡sai⁵³/
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:cháiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:tsáinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:zvae
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/t͡sãi⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/t͡sãi⁵³/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:táiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:táinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:dvae
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/tãi⁵³/

Note:

chái/cháiⁿ - literary;
táiⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:zai²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:tsái
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sai⁵²/

Middle Chinese:tsojX

Rime
Character	宰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	作亥切
Baxter	tsojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʌi^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɒi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səj^X/
Li Rong	/t͡sᴀi^X/
Wang Li	/t͡sɒi^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sɑ̆i^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoi²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[ts]ˤəʔ/
(Zhengzhang):/*ʔsɯːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ tsoj^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁəʔ/
English	steward; minister
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宰
Reading #	1/1
No.	16506
Phonetic component	宰
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	宰
Old Chinese	/*ʔsɯːʔ/

Definitions

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宰

toslaughter; tobutcher
宰殺／宰杀 ― zǎishā ― to slaughter; to butcher
宰了一頭豬／宰了一头猪 ― zǎi le yī tóu zhū ― slaughtered one pig
(historical)prefect;minister
縣宰／县宰 ― xiànzǎi ― head of a county; county magistrate
togovern; torule
主宰 ― zhǔzǎi ― to dominate; to rule; to dictate;
(colloquial) toovercharge
挨宰 ― áizǎi ― to get ripped off
宰客 ― zǎikè ― to rip off customers
asurname,Zai

Synonyms

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(to slaughter):

Dialectal synonyms of宰 (“to slaughter; to butcher”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		宰,屠
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		宰殺,屠宰
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	宰,殺,治 fish
	Taiwan	宰,殺
	Singapore	殺
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	宰,殺,治
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	宰,殺
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	宰,殺
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	宰,殺,治 fish
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	殺,宰,治 fish
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	殺,治 fish
Cantonese	Guangzhou	劏,善 chicken
	Hong Kong	劏
	Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)	劏
	Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)	劏
	Hong Kong(Ting Kok)	劏
	Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)	劏
	Macau	劏
	Guangzhou(Panyu)	劏
	Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)	劏
	Guangzhou(Conghua)	劏
	Guangzhou(Zengcheng)	劏
	Foshan	劏
	Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)	劏
	Foshan(Shunde)	劏
	Foshan(Sanshui)	劏
	Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)	劏
	Zhongshan(Shiqi)	劏
	Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	劏
	Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	劏
	Zhuhai(Doumen)	劏
	Jiangmen(Baisha)	劏
	Jiangmen(Xinhui)	劏
	Taishan	劏
	Kaiping(Chikan)	劏
	Enping(Niujiang)	劏
	Heshan(Yayao)	劏
	Dongguan	劏
	Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)	劏
	Shenzhen(Dapeng)	劏
	Qingyuan	劏
	Fogang	劏
	Yingde(Hanguang)	劏
	Yangshan	劏
	Lianshan(Butian)	劏
	Lianzhou(Qingshui; Sihui)	劏
	Shaoguan	劏
	Shaoguan(Qujiang)	劏
	Renhua	劏
	Lechang	劏
	Zhaoqing(Gaoyao)	劏
	Sihui	劏
	Guangning	劏
	Deqing	劏
	Huaiji	劏
	Fengkai(Nanfeng)	劏
	Yunfu	劏
	Xinxing	劏
	Luoding	劏
	Yunan(Pingtai)	劏
	Yangjiang	劏
	Nanning	劏
	Wuzhou	劏
	Yulin	劏
	Hepu(Lianzhou)	劏
	Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	劏
Gan	Nanchang	殺,治 fish
Hakka	Meixian	治,刣
	Xingning	治
	Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)	劏,捋
	Huiyang	劏
	Huidong(Daling)	治
	Dongguan(Qingxi)	劏,治
	Boluo(Bendihua)	劏,捋
	Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)	劏
	Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)	劏
	Wuhua(Shuizhai)	治
	Wuhua(Huacheng)	治,劏 chicken
	Wuhua(Changbu)	治
	Wuhua(Mianyang)	治
	Heyuan(Bendihua)	捋,劏
	Longchuan(Tuocheng; Bendihua)	捋,劏
	Heping(Linzhai; Bendihua)	捋
	Lianping(Longjie; Bendihua)	捋
	Wengyuan	劏
	Shaoguan(Qujiang)	劏,度
	Liannan	劏
	Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)	劏
	Jiexi	治
	Luhe	治
	Zhao'an(Xiuzhuan)	治
	Changting	治
	Wuping	治
	Wuping(Yanqian)	治
	Wuping(Pingyu)	治
	Liancheng	治
	Ninghua	破
	Ningdu	治
	Ruijin	治 pig,殺 chicken
	Shicheng	殺
	Shangyou(Shexi)	治
	Tonggu(Sandu)	治
	Dayu	破
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	治
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	治
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	治
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	治
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	治
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	治
	Hong Kong	劏
	Yangxi(Tangkou)	劏
	Yangchun(Sanjia)	劏
	Xinyi(Sihe)	劏
	Xinyi(Qianpai)	劏
	Gaozhou(Xindong)	劏
	Maoming(Shalang, Dianbai)	劏
	Huazhou(Xin'an)	劏
	Lianjiang(Shijiao)	劏
	Lianjiang(Qingping)	劏
	Mengshan(Xihe)	劏
	Luchuan	劏
	Sabah(Longchuan)	劏
	Senai(Huiyang)	劏
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa(Hepo)	劏
	Singkawang	劏
Jin	Taiyuan	宰,殺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	刣
	Songxi	刣
	Zhenghe	刣
	Jianyang	刣
	Wuyishan	刣
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	刣,刺
	Fuzhou(Changle)	刣
	Lianjiang	刣
	Fuqing	刣
	Pingtan	刣
	Yongtai	刣
	Minqing	刣
	Gutian	刣
	Pingnan	刣
	Luoyuan	刣
	Fu'an	刣
	Ningde	刣
	Xiapu	刣
	Zherong	刣
	Shouning	刣
	Zhouning	刣
	Fuding	刣
Southern Min	Xiamen	刣
	Xiamen(Tong'an)	刣
	Quanzhou	刣
	Jinjiang	刣
	Nan'an	刣
	Shishi	刣
	Hui'an	刣
	Anxi	刣
	Yongchun	刣
	Dehua	刣
	Zhangzhou	刣
	Zhangzhou(Longhai)	刣
	Zhangzhou(Changtai)	刣
	Hua'an	刣
	Nanjing	刣
	Pinghe	刣
	Zhangpu	刣
	Yunxiao	刣
	Zhao'an	刣
	Dongshan	刣
	Tainan	刣
	Kinmen	刣
	Penang(Hokkien)	刣
	Singapore(Hokkien)	刣
	Manila(Hokkien)	刣
	Longyan	刣
	Zhangping	刣
	Datian	刣
	Chaozhou	刣
	Shantou	刣
	Shantou(Chenghai)	刣
	Jieyang	刣
	Lufeng	刣
	Haifeng	刣
	Bangkok(Teochew)	刣
	Johor Bahru(Teochew)	刣
	Singapore(Teochew)	刣
	Leizhou	刣
	Wenchang	刣
	Haikou	刣
Puxian Min	Putian	刣
	Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang)	刣
	Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	刣
	Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu)	刣
	Xianyou	刣
	Xianyou(Fengting)	刣
	Xianyou(Youyang)	刣
Central Min	Yong'an	刣
	Sanming(Sanyuan)	刣
	Sanming(Shaxian)	刣
Shehua	Fu'an	戮
	Fuding	戮
	Luoyuan	戮
	Sanming	戮
	Shunchang	戮
	Hua'an	戮
Wu	Shanghai	殺
	Suzhou	殺
	Wenzhou	㷟,殺
Xiang	Changsha	殺,宰
Xiang	Shuangfeng	殺

Compounds

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References

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“宰”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–

Japanese

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Kanji

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See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 宰

宰

(Jōyō kanji)

superintend

Readings

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Go-on:さい(sai,Jōyō)
Kan-on:さい(sai,Jōyō)
Kun:つかさどる(tsukasadoru,宰る)、つかさ(tsukasa,宰)、みこともち(mikotomochi,宰)
Nanori:おさむ(osamu,宰)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
宰
みこともち Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of宰 – see the following entry.

【みこともち】

[noun](archaic, possibly obsolete, historical) in ancient Japan prior to theTaika Reform, agovernor appointed by theemperor to carry outimperial policies in theprovinces

Alternative spelling
司

(This term,宰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
宰
おさむ Grade: S
nanori

For pronunciation and definitions of宰 – see the following entry.

【おさむ】

[proper noun]修,収,宰,摂,治,理,納,道:a malegiven name

Alternative spellings
修,収,摂,治,理,納,道

(This term,宰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
宰
つかさ Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of宰 – see the following entry.

【長つかさ】2

[noun] amanager, aheadman, aforeman

[noun] anofficial

[noun]government service

[proper noun]asurname

[proper noun]a unisexgiven name

Alternative spellings
官,司,首,省,寮

(This term,宰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Chinese宰 (MC tsojX). Recorded asMiddle Koreanᄌᆡ〯(cǒy) (Yale:cǒy) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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(SK Standard/Seoul)IPA^(key):[t͡ɕɛ(ː)] ~ [t͡ɕe̞(ː)]
Phonetic hangul:[재(ː)/제(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.