Movatterモバイル変換

宣

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:宜and冝

宣	U+5BA3,宣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BA3

←客
[U+5BA2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

室 →
[U+5BA4]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

Stroke order

宣 (Kangxi radical 40,宀+6, 9 strokes,cangjie input十一日一 (JMAM),four-corner3010₆,composition⿱宀亘)

Derived characters

[edit]

翧, 䳦, 萱, 箮
喧, 塇, 媗, 愃, 揎, 渲, 暄, 楦, 煊, 瑄, 睻, 碹, 䙋, 縇, 蝖, 諠, 鍹, 鰚

Additional Derived Characters

𠝳, 𤠊, 𧡢, 𩀈, 𩘒, 𩤡, 𡪏, 𦋠, 𤸧
𠊿, 𡺟, 𤟿, 𫕍, 𤚗, 𦝻, 𮋌, 𧤎, 𬤎, 𬧂, 𲈎, 𩋢, 𩏆, 𩝑, 𬳇, 𱄨, 𪃗

References

[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary:page 284, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7132
Dae Jaweon: page 562, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 923, character 10
Unihan data for U+5BA3

Chinese

[edit]

simp. andtrad.		宣
2nd round simp.		㝉
alternative forms		𠖚historical 𡨈historical 𡩦historical 𡪏historical 亘

Glyph origin

[edit]

Historical forms of the character宣
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the samephonetic series (亘)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
烜	qʰrolʔ, qʰonʔ
貆	qʰoːn, ɡoːn, *qʰon
峘	ɡoːn, ɡɯːŋ
狟	*ɡoːn
絙	ɡoːn, kɯːŋ
荁	*ɡoːn
宣	*sqʰon
咺	*qʰonʔ
暅	*qʰonʔ
桓	*ɡʷaːn
洹	ɡʷaːn, ɢʷan
揎	*sqʰʷan
愃	sqʰʷan, qʰʷanʔ
瑄	*sqʰʷan
渲	*sqʰʷans
喧	*qʰʷan
萱	*qʰʷan
暄	*qʰʷan
諠	*qʰʷan
翧	*qʰʷan
蝖	*qʰʷan
垣	*ɢʷan
楦	*qʰʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*sqʰon): semantic 宀(“roof”) + phonetic 亘(xuān). The character originally represented the main hall where the emperor resided. By extension, it came to be used to mean "clear" or "evident."^[1]

References

[edit]

^Digital Shinjigen 2017

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):xuān (xuan¹)
(Zhuyin):ㄒㄩㄢ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):xuan¹
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):xuǎn
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):syun¹
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):soen¹
(Taishan,Wiktionary):lhun¹
Gan(Wiktionary):xyon¹
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):siên
(Hailu,HRS):sien^ˋ
(Meixian,Guangdong):xiên¹
Jin(Wiktionary):xye¹
Eastern Min(BUC):sŏng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):soeng¹ / syoeng¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):soan
(Teochew,Peng'im):suang¹ / suêng¹
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):xieng¹
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):slyun¹
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):¹shi
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):sienn¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:xuān
  - Zhuyin:ㄒㄩㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:syuan
  - Wade–Giles:hsüan¹
  - Yale:sywān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:shiuan
  - Palladius:сюань(sjuanʹ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:xuan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:xuan
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕyan⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:xuǎn
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕyã²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:syun¹
  - Yale:syūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin:syn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization:xun¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/syːn⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan,Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++:soen¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/søn²¹³/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:lhun¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬun³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:xyon¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕyɵn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:siên
  - Hakka Romanization System:xien^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:xian¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/si̯en²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:sien^ˋ
  - SinologicalIPA:/sien⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:xiên¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/ɕiɛn⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:xye¹
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/ɕye¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:sŏng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/souŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:soeng¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:se̤ng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬœŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:syoeng¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:soan
  - Tâi-lô:suan
  - Phofsit Daibuun:soafn
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/suan⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/suan³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/suan⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/suan⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/suan⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:suang¹ / suêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:suang / sueng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/suaŋ³³/, /sueŋ³³/

Note:

suang1 - Shantou;
suêng1 - Chaozhou.

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin:xieng¹
- SinologicalIPA:/sieŋ³⁵/

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:slyun¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬyn⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:¹shi
  - MiniDict:shi^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):¹xi
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/ɕi⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:sienn¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (old-style):/si̯ẽ³³/
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (new-style):/ɕi̯ẽ³³/

Middle Chinese:sjwen

Rime
Character	宣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	須緣切
Baxter	sjwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/sʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/sjuæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swian/
Li Rong	/siuɛn/
Wang Li	/sĭwɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syun¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*s-qʷar/
(Zhengzhang):/*sqʰon/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xuān
Middle Chinese	‹ sjwen ›
Old Chinese	/*s-qʷar/
English	spread (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宣
Reading #	1/1
No.	3954
Phonetic component	亘
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	宣
Old Chinese	/*sqʰon/

Definitions

[edit]

宣

(literary or in compounds) todeclare; toannounce; toproclaim
宣言 ― xuānyán ― declaration
宣誓 ― xuānshì ― oath
1. (archaic) tocommand (from a sovereign to a subject)
(literary) tospread; todiffuse; tocirculate
1. widespread; inwide circulation
2. todrain (liquid)
  - 以側微不欲有娠，宣于寢席，后卽吸之，遂有娠生子。[Korean Literary Sinitic,trad.]
    From:《高麗史》 (History of Goryeo), 1451
    I cheuk mi bul yok yusin,seon u chimseok, hu jeuk heup ji, su yousin saengja.[Sino-Korean]
    Because her relatives were lowly, he did not want to impregnate her. Heejaculated on the sleeping mat. The lady then absorbed this [into her genitals]. She consequently became pregnant and gave birth to a son.
(Internet slang) tolike (contraction of喜歡／喜欢 (xǐhuan))

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

“宣”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆[Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “宣”, in莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page269.