孤 (Kangxi radical 39,子+5in Chinese, 子+6in Japanese, 8 strokesin Chinese, 9 strokesin Japanese,cangjie input弓木竹女人 (NDHVO),four-corner1243₀,composition⿰子瓜)

• 𦋆, 箛, 𦣮, 菰, 𡍢, 𡦈, 𡦶, 𢮩, 𣔞, 𦁣, 𧍆, 𨂗, 𨔌, 𩸰, 𪂮, 𪂲, 𪧄, 𪽵, 𫛈

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 279, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6966
• Dae Jaweon: page 547, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1014, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5B64

Historical forms of the character孤
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*kʷaː): semantic 子(“child”) + phonetic 瓜(OC*kʷraː).

Related to寡 (OC*kʷraːʔ, “alone; widow”),鰥 (OC*kruːn, *kruːns, “widower”) (Schuessler, 2007).

孤

1. orphaned;parentless
2. alone;solitary;sole;lone
3. orphan
4. (usually by an emperor or a king)I

   • 秦伯素服郊次，鄉師而哭曰：「孤違蹇叔，以辱二三子，孤之罪也。」[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     秦伯素服郊次，乡师而哭曰：「孤违蹇叔，以辱二三子，孤之罪也。」[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From:Commentary of Zuo,c. 4^th centuryBCE

     Qín bó sùfú jiāocì, xiàng shī ér kū yuē: “Gū wéi Jiǎnshū, yǐ rǔ èrsānzǐ,gū zhī zuì yě.”[Pinyin]

     The earl of Qin, in white mourning garments, was waiting for them in the borders of the capital, and wept, looking in the direction where the army had been lost. He said, "I have gone against the counsel of Jian Shu and thus brought disgrace on you, my generals; it ismy crime."

5. (Hokkien)only;just;solely

   Synonyms:孤單 /孤单(ko͘-toaⁿ / ko͘-tan),干焦(kan-ta / kan-na),孤啊(ko͘-ā)

   伊孤叫汝去,無叫我去。[Hokkien,trad.]
   伊孤叫汝去,无叫我去。[Hokkien,simp.]

   Iko͘ kiò lí khì, bô kiò góa khì.[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   He/shesolely called you to go, didn't call me to go.

6. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien)Classifier forpersons.

   Synonym:個 /个(ê / gê)

   一孤人[Hokkien]  ― chi̍tko͘ lâng[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  one person

   這孤人／这孤人[Hokkien]  ― chitko͘ lâng[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  this person

7. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien)Refers to alonesomeghost orlonelysoul.

   孝孤[Hokkien]  ― hàu-ko͘[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to show respect by offerring food tolonely departed souls

• For Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien: When used as aclassifier where人(lâng) does not come after,股(kó͘) may also be used, e.g.:

  有幾股？／有几股？[Hokkien]  ― Ū kúi kó͘?[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  How many?

  有來三股／有来三股[Hokkien]  ― Ū lâi saⁿ kó͘[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Three came

• “孤”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–

(Jōyō kanji)

1. solitude,alone
2. orphan

• Go-on:く(ku)
• Kan-on:こ(ko,Jōyō)
• Kun:みなしご(minashigo,孤)、ひとり(hitori,孤り)

FromMiddle Chinese孤 (MC ku).

• (Tokyo)こ[kóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞]

孤(こ)• (ko) 

1. anorphan
2. solitude

孤(こ)• (ko) -na (adnominal孤(こ)な(kona),adverbial孤(こ)に(koni))

1. solitary

• “^△孤”, in漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese),The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation,2015–2025

FromMiddle Chinese孤 (MC ku). Recorded asMiddle Korean고(kwo) (Yale:ko) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

孤

孤 (eumhun외로울고(oeroul go))

1. hanja form^? of고(“solitude;orphan”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[3]

孤:Hán Nôm readings:cô,co,còi,côi,go,gò

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

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