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姪

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:侄

姪	U+59EA,姪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59EA

←姩
[U+59E9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

姫 →
[U+59EB]

Translingual

[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary:page 260, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6226
Dae Jaweon: page 526, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1043, character 11
Unihan data for U+59EA

Chinese

[edit]

trad.		姪/侄
simp.		侄
alternative forms		妷／侄㜼𡥺

ChineseWikipedia has an article on:

姪 /侄

Wikipedia^zh

Glyph origin

[edit]

Characters in the samephonetic series (至)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
致	*tiɡs
輊	*tiɡs
駤	*tiɡs
跮	tʰiɡs, tʰiɡ
荎	di, diːɡ
緻	*diɡs
至	*tjiɡs
鵄	*tʰji
胵	*tʰji
痓	*tʰjiɡs
咥	hriɡs, tiːɡ, diːɡ, tʰiɡ
窒	tiːɡ, tiɡ
蛭	tiːɡ, tiɡ, *tjiɡ
垤	*diːɡ
耋	*diːɡ
姪	diːɡ, diɡ
絰	*diːɡ
恎	*diːɡ
挃	*tiɡ
庢	*tiɡ
銍	tiɡ, tjiɡ
秷	*tiɡ
螲	*tiɡ
侄	diɡ, tjiɡ
桎	*tjiɡ
郅	*tjiɡ
晊	*tjiɡ
室	*hliɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*diːɡ, *diɡ): semantic 女(“woman”) + phonetic 至(OC*tjiɡs).

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*b/m-ləj(“grandchild; nephew”) +*-t(“nominalizing final”). Cognate withBurmeseမြေး(mre:,“grandchild”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):zhí (zhi²)
(Zhuyin):ㄓˊ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):zi²
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):җы (žɨ, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):zat⁶ /zat^6-2
(Taishan,Wiktionary):zit⁵ / zit^5*
Gan(Wiktionary):ciit⁷
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):chhṳ̍t
(Hailu,HRS):chid^ˋ
(Meixian,Guangdong):ced⁶
Jin(Wiktionary):zeh⁵
Northern Min(KCR):dĭ
Eastern Min(BUC):dĭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):ti̍t /chi̍t /chit
(Teochew,Peng'im):diag⁸ / diêg⁸
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁸zeq
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):zhr⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:zhí
  - Zhuyin:ㄓˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:jhíh
  - Wade–Giles:chih²
  - Yale:jŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:jyr
  - Palladius:чжи(čži)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese,erhua-ed) (姪兒 /侄儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:zhír
  - Zhuyin:ㄓˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:jhíhr
  - Wade–Giles:chih²-ʼrh
  - Yale:jír
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:jerl
  - Palladius:чжир(čžir)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ɻ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:zi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:z
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sz̩²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:җы (žɨ, I)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:zat⁶ / zat^6-2
  - Yale:jaht / ját
  - Cantonese Pinyin:dzat⁹ / dzat^9-2
  - Guangdong Romanization:zed⁶ / zed^6-2
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɐt̚²/, /t͡sɐt̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:zit⁵ / zit^5*
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sit̚³²/, /t͡sit̚³²⁻³²⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:ciit⁷
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰɨt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:chhṳ̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System:ciid
  - Hagfa Pinyim:cid⁶
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:chid^ˋ
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡ʃʰit²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:ced⁶
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰət̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:zeh⁵
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:dĭ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ti²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:dĭk
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tiʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:ti̍t
  - Tâi-lô:ti̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun:dit
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Taipei,Kaohsiung):/tit̚⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/tit̚¹²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/tit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chi̍t
  - Tâi-lô:tsi̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun:cit
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/t͡sit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chit
  - Tâi-lô:tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun:cid
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei,Kaohsiung):/t͡sit̚³²/

Note:

Taiwan:
- ti̍t - vernacular;
- chit - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:diag⁸ / diêg⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:tia̍k / tie̍k
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/tiak̚⁴/, /tiek̚⁴/

Note:

diag8 - Shantou;
diêg8 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁸zeq
  - MiniDict:zeh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):⁵zeq
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/zəʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:zhr⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (old-style):/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (new-style):/t͡sz̩²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 姪
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃz̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sz̩³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/zəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɨʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰət̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɐt̚²/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tit̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ti²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/tiak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sit̚³/

Middle Chinese:drit, det

Rime
Character	姪	姪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	質 (49)	屑 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	直一切	徒結切
Baxter	drit	det
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiɪt̚/	/det̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚit̚/	/det̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiet̚/	/dɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖjit̚/	/dɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ȡjĕt̚/	/det̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭĕt̚/	/diet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ĕt̚/	/dʱiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhí	dié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zat⁶	dit⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang):/*diːɡ/, /*diɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	姪	姪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	17352	17367
Phonetic component	至	至
Rime group	質	質
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	姪	秩
Old Chinese	/*diːɡ/	/*diɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

姪

fraternal nephew orniece(originally only of awoman, but also of aman after theJìn dynasty)
child of a (male)friend in the samegeneration
Used to call oneself before someone in one'sfather's generation.

Synonyms

[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of姪子 (“fraternal nephew (brother's son)”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		姪子
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	姪兒,姪子
	Taiwan	姪子,姪兒
	Chengde	姪子,姪兒
	Chifeng	姪子,姪兒
	Hulunbuir(Hailar)	姪子,姪兒
	Heihe	姪子,姪兒
	Qiqihar	姪兒
	Harbin	姪兒,姪子
	Jiamusi	姪子,姪兒
	Baicheng	姪兒
	Changchun	姪兒
	Tonghua	姪兒
	Shenyang	姪兒
	Jinzhou	姪子,姪兒
	Singapore	姪兒
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	姪子,姪兒
	Tangshan	姪子,姪兒
	Cangzhou	姪子,姪兒
	Baoding	姪兒
	Shijiazhuang	姪兒
	Lijin	姪兒
	Jinan	姪子,姪兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	姪兒
	Dandong	姪子,姪兒
	Yantai	姪兒
	Yantai(Muping)	姪兒
	Qingdao	姪兒
	Zhucheng	姪兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	姪子
	Lingbao	姪兒
	Jining	姪兒
	Wanrong	姪兒
	Linfen	姪兒
	Shangqiu	姪子,姪兒
	Yuanyang	姪子,姪兒
	Zhengzhou	姪兒
	Xinyang	姪子,姪兒
	Baihe	姪子,姪兒
	Xi'an	姪子,姪兒
	Baoji	姪兒
	Tianshui	姪
	Xining	姪兒,姪兒子
	Xuzhou	姪兒,姪子
	Fuyang	姪子,姪
	Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan)	姪兒子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	姪兒,姪兒子
	Bayanhot	姪兒子
	Lanzhou	姪子,姪兒,姪兒子
	Dunhuang	姪兒子
	Hami	姪兒子
	Ürümqi	姪兒子,姪子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	姪兒子,姪兒,姪子
	Nanchong	姪子,姪兒
	Dazhou	姪娃兒
	Hanyuan	姪兒子,姪兒
	Xichang	姪兒子,姪子
	Zigong	姪兒
	Chongqing	姪兒
	Wuhan	姪兒子,姪兒,姪子伢,姪子
	Yichang	姪子,姪兒
	Xiangyang	姪兒子,姪子
	Tianmen	姪子,姪兒
	Guiyang	姪兒子,姪兒
	Zunyi	姪子,姪兒
	Bijie	姪兒子
	Liping	姪子
	Zhaotong	姪兒子,姪子
	Dali	姪兒子
	Kunming	姪子,姪兒子,姪兒
	Mengzi	姪子
	Guilin	姪崽
	Liuzhou	姪崽
	Jishou	姪兒
	Changde	姪兒
	Hanzhong	姪子,姪兒子,姪兒
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	姪子,姪兒
	Yangzhou	姪子
	Lianyungang	姪兒
	Lianshui	姪兒
	Nantong	姪兒
	Anqing	姪子
	Wuhu	姪子,姪兒
	Hefei	姪兒,姪子
	Hong'an	姪兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	姪,姪仔
	Hong Kong	姪,姪仔
	Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)	姪
	Macau	姪子
	Guangzhou(Panyu)	姪
	Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)	姪
	Guangzhou(Conghua)	姪
	Guangzhou(Zengcheng)	姪
	Foshan	姪
	Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)	姪
	Foshan(Shunde)	姪
	Foshan(Sanshui)	姪
	Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)	姪
	Zhongshan(Shiqi)	姪子
	Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	姪子
	Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	姪
	Zhuhai(Doumen)	姪
	Jiangmen(Baisha)	姪
	Jiangmen(Xinhui)	姪
	Taishan	姪仔,姪
	Enping(Niujiang)	姪仔
	Heshan(Yayao)	姪
	Dongguan	姪
	Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)	姪
	Yangjiang	阿姪
	Nanning	姪仔
	Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	姪仔
Gan	Nanchang	姪子
	Lichuan	姪子,姪崽
	Pingxiang	姪子
Hakka	Meixian	姪仔
	Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)	阿姪
	Dongguan(Qingxi)	姪仔
	Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)	阿姪
	Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)	姪子
	Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)	姪子
	Changting	姪哩
	Wuping	姪子
	Ninghua	孫哩,姪哩
	Yudu	姪子,老姪
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	姪仔
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	姪仔
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	姪仔
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	姪
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	姪仔,姪
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	姪子,孫仔
	Hong Kong	姪子
	Luchuan(Daqiao)	姪
	Senai(Huiyang)	姪兒
Huizhou	Jixi	姪仂
Huizhou	Shexian	姪的
Jin	Taiyuan	姪兒子
	Yangyuan	姪子,姪兒
	Datong	姪兒
	Xinzhou	姪兒子
	Lüliang(Lishi)	姪兒
	Changzhi	姪兒
	Linhe	姪兒子
	Jining	姪兒
	Hohhot	姪兒,姪兒子
	Erenhot	姪子,姪兒
	Pingshan	姪兒
	Zhangjiakou	姪子
	Handan	姪兒子
	Linzhou	姪兒
	Suide	姪兒子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	孫仔
	Nanping(Xiayang, Yanping)	孫仔
	Songxi	孫仔
	Zhenghe	孫仔
	Shunchang(Yangdun)	孫仔
	Jianyang	孫仔
	Wuyishan	孫仔
	Pucheng(Shibei)	孫仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	姪,孫
	Fuzhou(Changle)	孫
	Fuqing	孫,姪
	Yongtai	孫囝
	Gutian	孫
	Fu'an	孫
	Ningde	孫囝
	Shouning	孫囝
	Zhouning	孫
	Fuding	孫囝
Southern Min	Xiamen	姪仔,孫仔
	Quanzhou	孫仔
	Yongchun	孫囝
	Zhangzhou	孫仔
	Taipei	姪仔
	New Taipei(Sanxia)	姪仔
	Kaohsiung	姪仔,孫仔
	Yilan	姪仔,孫仔
	Changhua(Lukang)	姪仔,孫仔
	Taichung	姪仔,孫仔
	Tainan	叔孫仔,姪仔,孫仔
	Hsinchu	孫仔
	Kinmen	姪仔,孫仔
	Penghu(Magong)	姪仔,孫仔
	Penang(Hokkien)	孫仔
	Klang(Hokkien)	孫囝
	Singapore(Hokkien)	孫仔,孫
	Manila(Hokkien)	姪仔
	Longyan	孫仔
	Pingnan(Shangdu)	姪仔
	Chaozhou	逗孫
	Shantou	姪
	Jieyang	逗孫
	Puning	孫
	Haifeng	姪,孫仔
	Bangkok(Teochew)	孫,姪
	Johor Bahru(Teochew)	孫
	Leizhou	孫,丈夫孫
	Haikou	姪子
Puxian Min	Putian	阿姪
	Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang)	阿姪,孫
	Xianyou	阿姪
Central Min	Yong'an	孫仔
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	孫兒
	Guangze	孫子
	Jiangle	孫子
	Mingxi	孫子
	Shunchang	孫子
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)	姪子
Southern Pinghua	Nanning(Tingzi)	姪子
Waxiang	Guzhang(Gaofeng)	姪子
Waxiang	Yuanling(Shaojiwan)	姪子
Wu	Shanghai	阿姪,姪子
	Shanghai(Chongming)	阿姪
	Suzhou	阿姪,姪兒子
	Danyang	姪子
	Hangzhou	姪兒
	Ningbo	阿姪
	Wenzhou	阿姪
	Jinhua	姪兒
Xiang	Changsha	姪兒子,姪兒,姪子
	Loudi	姪兒子
	Shuangfeng	姪佬,姪兒子
	Hengyang	姪兒
	Quanzhou	姪崽

Antonyms

[edit]

甥 (shēng)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00921

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 姪

姪

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Go-on:でち(dechi)、じち(jichi)^{←ぢち(diti,historical)}
Kan-on:てつ(tetsu)、ちつ(chitsu)
Kun:めい(mei,姪)^{←めひ(mefi,姪,historical)}、おい(oi,姪)^{←をひ(wofi,姪,historical)}

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Kanji in this term
姪
めい Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

FromOld Japanese; attested in theRyūnoshūge (738) as売比⟨me₁ pi₁⟩.^[1]

⟨me₁ pi₁⟩ →/mefi/ →/mei/

The initialme- has been frequently associated with女(me,“female”).^[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Tokyo)めい[méꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
(Tokyo)めい[mèí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [me̞i]

(Kyōto)めい [méꜜì] (Kōki)^[1]

Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent

(the Heian period) LL
(the Edo period) HL

※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References:^[1]