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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
U+59BB,妻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59BB

[U+59BA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+59BC]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
0 strokes

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 38,+5, 8 strokes,cangjie input十中女 (JLV),four-corner50404,composition⿱⿻)

Derived characters

[edit]
Additional Derived Characters

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 257, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6140
  • Dae Jaweon: page 522, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1036, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+59BB

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp.#
alternative forms

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Western ZhouShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptionsSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the samephonetic series ()(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*sʰiːl, *sʰiːls
*sʰiːl
*sʰiːl
*sʰiːl
*sʰiːl
*sʰiːl
*sʰiːl, *sʰil
*sʰiːl, *sʰiːlʔ
*sʰiːl
*siːl

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): (hand grabbing hair) + (woman) ― a man grabbing a woman's hair to show ownership (marriage by capture).

Etymology

[edit]

Thought to be cognate to (OC *dzêi, “same, equal (adj.), in line”) (SWJZ[1];Karlgren, 1956) & interpreted as "an equal to her husband"; yet this is unlikely considering the realities of ancient societies (Schuessler, 2007).

Schuessler instead proposesAustroasiatic etymology: he reconstructs (OC *tshə̂i) < *k-sə̂i and compares it toMiddle Khmer[script needed](kansai,wife) (whenceKhmerកន្សៃ(kɑnsay,wife)) andKhmer[script needed](*khsay,be female) with *ka(n)- being a female marker (ibid.).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]

Note:
  • chhe - literary;
  • chhoe - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading #1/2
Initial () (14)
Final () (39)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()IV
Fanqie
Baxtertshej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰei/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰei/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰɛi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰɛj/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰei/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰiei/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰiei/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
cai1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshej ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]ˁəj/
Englishconsort, wife

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/2
No.9913
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰiːl/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. wife
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of妻子 (“wife”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Classical Chinese,妻兒,內人,內子,夫人,娘子,鄉里
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)妻子,夫人,太太,妻室,妻房,拙荊 humble
Northeastern MandarinBeijing女人,媳婦兒,老婆子,屋兒裡的,屋兒裡人,家項兒 dated
Taiwan太太,老婆,牽手
Ulanhot媳婦兒,老娘們兒
Tongliao媳婦兒,老娘們兒
Chifeng老娘們兒
Hulunbuir(Hailar)媳婦兒,老娘們兒
Harbin老婆,媳婦兒,屋裡的,屋裡人兒,老娘們兒
Shenyang老婆,家裡的
Malaysia老婆
Singapore老婆,太太
Jilu MandarinTianjin老婆,屋裡的,家裡的,娘們兒
Weifang(Weicheng)老婆,家裡
Weifang(Fangzi)老婆,媳婦,家裡
Changle老婆,媳婦,家裡
Shouguang老婆,女人
Wulian老婆,辦飯的
Jinan老婆,媳婦,女的,家裡,家裡的
Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)老婆,媳婦,家裡兒的
Qingdao老婆子
Weifang(Hanting)老婆,媳婦
Changyi老婆,媳婦,家裡
Gaomi老婆,媳婦,家裡
Zhucheng媳子,老婆
Anqiu老婆,媳婦,家裡
Linqu老婆,媳婦
Qingzhou老婆,媳婦
Central Plains MandarinLuoyang女人,媳婦兒,屋裡的,家裡
Wanrong老婆,媳婦
Zhengzhou媳婦
Xi'an女人,媳婦兒,老婆,婆娘,屋裡人,屋裡家
Xining媳婦,婆娘,家裡的
Xuzhou女的,家下,家來的,家裡人,媳婦兒
Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan)老婆,婆姨,婆娘,妻人
Masanchin(Shaanxi Dungan)老婆,婆姨,女人,妻人
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan婆姨,媳婦,女人
Bayanhot老婆,屋裡的
Lanzhou女人,媳婦,屋裡的,家裡的
Ürümqi女人,媳婦兒,央格子
Southwestern MandarinChengdu女的,女人,老娘兒,婆娘
Wuhan女的,女將,屋裡 dated,屋裡的 dated,屋裡人 dated,家務 dated,堂客 dated
Guiyang女的,女人,婆娘,屋頭人
Kunming婆娘,老婆,媳婦,女人,家首
Guilin老婆
Liuzhou老婆,婆娘 dated
Sanjiang(Danzhou)老婆
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing女的,女人,老婆,媽媽
Yangzhou老婆,媽媽,堂客,女眷
Xinghua女人,女將
Nantong堂客,女將,奶奶,老婆
Hefei老婆,奶奶們
Huanggang屋裡人,屋裡,堂客
CantoneseGuangzhou老婆,女人,煮飯婆,堂客
Hong Kong老婆,煮飯婆,太太 non-face-to-face
Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)老婆
Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)老婆
Hong Kong(Ting Kok)老婆
Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)老婆
Macau老婆,太太
Guangzhou(Panyu)老婆
Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)老婆
Guangzhou(Conghua)老婆
Guangzhou(Zengcheng)老婆
Foshan老婆
Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)老婆
Foshan(Shunde)老婆
Foshan(Sanshui)老婆
Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)老婆
Zhongshan(Shiqi)老婆
Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)老婆
Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)老婆
Zhuhai(Doumen)老婆
Jiangmen(Baisha)老婆
Jiangmen(Xinhui)老婆
Taishan老婆
Kaiping(Chikan)老婆
Enping(Niujiang)老婆
Heshan(Yayao)老婆
Dongguan老婆
Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)老婆
Shaoguan老婆
Yunfu老婆
Yangjiang老婆,家下,夫娘
Xinyi老婆
Lianjiang老婆
Nanning老婆
Wuzhou老婆,燒火婆
Yulin老婆,婦娘
Hepu(Lianzhou)老婆
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)老婆
Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)老婆
Dongxing老婆
Danzhou老婆
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)老婆
Singapore(Guangfu)老婆
Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)老婆,太太
Móng Cái老婆
GanNanchang老婆,女客
Lichuan老婆,女客
Pingxiang婆娘,老婆
Jianning老婆
Taining阿娘
HakkaMeixian老婆,婦人家
Xingning老婆
Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)老婆
Huiyang老婆
Huidong(Daling)老婆
Dongguan(Qingxi)老婆
Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)老婆
Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)老婆
Wuhua(Huacheng)老婆
Heyuan(Bendihua)老婆
Wengyuan老婆
Nanxiong(Zhuji)婦娘,堂客
Shaoguan(Qujiang)老婆
Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang)婆乸
Liannan老婆
Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)老婆
Jiexi老婆
Luhe婦娘
Zhao'an(Xiuzhuan)婦娘
Pinghe(Jiufeng)媽娘
Changting老婆
Shanghang老婆
Longyan(Yongding)老婆
Wuping老婆
Wuping(Yanqian)老婆
Wuping(Pingyu)老婆,婦娘
Liancheng婦娘
Ninghua老婆
Qingliu婦娘
Yudu老婆,婦娘
Ningdu老婆
Ruijin老婆,婦娘
Shicheng老婆
Shangyou(Shexi)老婆
Tonggu(Sandu)老婆
Ganzhou(Panlong)老婆
Dayu老婆
Miaoli(N. Sixian)婦娘,老姐
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)姐仔
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)婦娘,老姐
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)婦娘,老姐
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)婦娘,老姐
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)婦娘
Hong Kong老婆
Mengshan(Xihe)老婆
Luchuan老婆
Luchuan(Daqiao)老婆
Sabah(Longchuan)老婆
Senai(Huiyang)老婆
Singkawang老婆,番婆
Singapore(Dabu)老婆
HuizhouJixi老嫗
Shexian老婆,堂客
Huangshan(Tunxi)老婆
Xiuning老婆
Yixian老婆
Qimen婦兒家
Wuyuan老婆
Fuliang老婆,婦人個
Dexing老婆
Jingde屋裡
Shitai(Xianyu)老婆
JinTaiyuan老婆,家裡的,女人,婆姨
Pingyao老婆,媳婦,婆姨
Xinzhou女人,老婆,婆姨
Taibus(Baochang)老婆
Linhe老婆,女人
Jining老婆,媳婦
Hohhot女人
Baotou老婆,媳婦
Dongsheng老婆
Haibowan老婆
Northern MinJian'ou老媽
Jian'ou(Dikou)老媽
Songxi老媽
Zhenghe老媽
Zhenghe(Zhenqian)老媽
Jianyang老媽
Wuyishan老媽
Pucheng(Shibei)老媽
Eastern MinFuzhou老媽,諸娘儂,厝裡,𡚸,老小
Fuzhou(Changle)老媽,厝裡
Lianjiang老媽,厝裡
Fuqing老媽,𡚸,厝裡
Pingtan老媽
Yongtai老媽
Minqing老媽
Gutian老媽
Pingnan老媽
Luoyuan老媽
Fu'an老媽
Ningde老媽
Xiapu老媽
Zherong老媽
Shouning老媽
Zhouning老媽
Fuding老媽
Matsu老媽
Sitiawan(Gutian)老媽
Southern MinXiamen,牽手,牽手的,查某儂,厝內,厝內儂,家內,家內儂,家後,內人,內助,婦人儂,柴耙,老柴杮,老柴㷮
Xiamen(Tong'an)
Quanzhou,牽手,牽手的,查某儂,厝內,家內,家內儂,家後,內人,內助,婦人儂
Jinjiang,厝內儂
Nan'an
Shishi
Hui'an
Anxi
Yongchun
Dehua
Zhangzhou,牽手,牽手的,查某儂,厝內,厝內儂,家內,家內儂,家後,內人,內助,婦人儂,內頭,㾀菜籃,煮飯婆,煮飯的
Zhangzhou(Longhai)
Zhangzhou(Changtai)
Hua'an
Nanjing
Pinghe
Zhangpu
Yunxiao
Zhao'an
Dongshan
Taipei太太,,牽手
New Taipei(Sanxia)太太,查某儂,阿貼的,後柴耙,
Kaohsiung太太,,查某儂,柴耙,牽手,牽的,煮飯的
Yilan太太,,查某儂,家後,柴耙,牽手,牽的,煮飯的
Changhua(Lukang),查某人,柴耙,牽手,煮飯的
Taichung,家後,牽手
Taichung(Wuqi)
Tainan太太,,查某儂,柴耙,牽手,牽的,煮飯的
Taitung
Hsinchu,家後,查某儂,煮飯的,柴耙
Kinmen,家內,太的
Penghu(Magong),牽手,查某儂,姿娘,夫人,家內,柴耙
Penang(Hokkien),查某儂,家後
Singapore(Hokkien),厝內,厝內儂
Manila(Hokkien),牽手,牽手的
Longyan老婆
Zhangping查某儂,
Zhangping(Yongfu)查某,老媽 non-face-to-face
Datian老媽
Chaozhou𡚸
Shantou𡚸,老婆
Shantou(Chenghai)𡚸
Jieyang𡚸
Puning,老婆,𡚸
Lufeng𡚸
Haifeng𡚸,㜁𡚸
Johor Bahru(Teochew)𡚸
Singapore(Teochew)𡚸,老婆
Leizhou老婆,
Wenchang老婆
Haikou老婆,妰娝 dated
Qionghai老婆
Puxian MinPutian老媽,,嬸娘
Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang)老媽,
Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang)老媽
Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu)老媽,嬸娘,
Xianyou老媽,老婆
Xianyou(Fengting)老媽,老婆
Xianyou(Youyang)老媽
Central MinYong'an俺娘
Sanming(Sanyuan)俺娘
Sanming(Shaxian)阿娘
Shaojiang MinShaowu媽娘
Guangze媽娘
Jiangle老婆
Mingxi阿娘
Shunchang老婆
Zhongshan MinZhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)老婆
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi)老婆,女人
Northern PinghuaGuilin(Dahe)老婆
Lingchuan(Sanjie)女人
WuShanghai老婆,太太,妻子,夫人,內人,女人,家主婆,屋裡個,屋裡,娘子,愛人
Shanghai(Songjiang)家小,外人
Shanghai(Chuansha, Pudong)愛人,女人
Shanghai(Nanhui, Pudong)老太婆
Shanghai(Jinshan)裡常
Shanghai(Qingpu)娘娘,女個
Shanghai(Chongming)女個,屋裡,女客,女人
Suzhou女人,家小,家主婆,家婆,屋裡,老婆
Wuxi老婆,女人,家主婆,屋裡人
Danyang女個,老媽,家裡
Hangzhou老婆,老娘,女人,女的,屋裡,屋裡廂
Shaoxing老媽
Ningbo老婆,老𡢿,女人,屋裡人 dated
Wenzhou老安,老安人,老人兒,老人客,老人,屋裡
Jinhua老婆,窩裡
Jinhua(Tangxi)老媽
Pucheng老婆
XiangChangsha堂客,內當家,婆婆子
Xiangtan堂客
Loudi堂客,婆娘,老婆,屋裡個,他㑲娘
Shuangfeng堂客,老婆
Hengyang堂客,老婆 non-face-to-face
Quanzhou老婆

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

Rime
Character
Reading #2/2
Initial () (14)
Final () (39)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()IV
Fanqie
BaxtertshejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰeiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰeiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰɛjH/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰeiH/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰieiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
cai3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshejH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]ˁəj-s/
Englishgive as wife

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #2/2
No.9923
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰiːls/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) togive awife to; togive as awife; to becomemarried to aman
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) tomarry awoman

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
See also:

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. spouse

Readings

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
つま
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

From(tsuma,side, edge), indicating the person who isat the side of someone: aspouse.[1] Compare theEnglish expressionbetter half.

This term originally referred to either a male (husband) or female (wife) spouse. In modern usage, this term refers only to a female spouse.[1]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(つま) (tsuma

  1. (archaic) aspouse
  2. (humble, only refers to one's own) awife(married woman)
    • 1999 February 15 [1983 June 20],Osamu Tezuka, “第8話 未知への挑戦 [Chapter 8: Challenge of the Third Kind]”, inブラック・ジャック [Black Jack], 8th edition, volume18 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha,→ISBN, page176:
      (せん)(せい)………………(わたし)(つま)(うつく)しいでしょう?
      Sensei……………… watashi notsuma wa utsukushii deshō?
      Doctor... Do you think mywife is beautiful?
      ああ!すばらしい()(じん)ですよ!
      Ā! Subarashii bijin desu yo!
      Sure! She’s a gorgeous lady!
Synonyms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
つま
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

By extension from theat theside sense.[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(つま) (tsuma

  1. aside dish
  2. atangent, adigression, something to theside of the main thing

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
さい
Grade: 5
goon

FromMiddle Chinese (MC tshej|tshejH, “wife”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(さい) (sai

  1. mywife
    • Isikawa Takuboku,Romazi Nikki
      Yo waSai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.
      I love myWife; it is precisely because I love her that I do not want her to read this Diary.
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Used chiefly in written texts such as letters.

References

[edit]
  1. 1.01.11.2Shōgaku Tosho (1988),国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese),Tōkyō:Shogakukan,→ISBN
  2. 2.02.12.2Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese (MC tshej).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 (Yale:chyèy)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]겨〯집 (Yale:kyěcìp) (Yale:chyè)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

(eumhun아내(anae cheo))

  1. hanja form? of(wife)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전/電子字典.[4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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:Hán Nôm readings:thê,thế

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.
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