Movatterモバイル変換

女

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:タ,ヌ,ㄆ,ㄡ,又,夂,夊,夕,支,攴,攵,文,歹,歺,𡚦,and𠨰

女	U+5973,女 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5973

←奲
[U+5972]

CJK Unified Ideographs

奴 →
[U+5974]

⼥	U+2F25,⼥ KANGXI RADICAL WOMAN

←⼤
[U+2F24]

Kangxi Radicals

⼦ →
[U+2F26]

女	U+F981,女 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F981

←呂
[U+F980]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

廬 →
[U+F982]

㊛	U+329B,㊛ CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH FEMALE

←㊚
[U+329A]

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months

㊜ →
[U+329C]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 38女

女 (Kangxi radical 38,女+0, 3 strokes,cangjie input女 (V),four-corner4040₀,composition⿻𡿨丆(GJKV) or⿻𡿨𠂇(HT))

Kangxi radical #38,⼥.

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

𠯆,𡥃,𢑒,𫹌,𢖵,𣅓,𪱴,𤖩,𤘙,𤣷,𤯕,𫀁,𦘽,𫌜,𫌳,𧴱,𧺜,𨐎,𩖠,𩚔,𩨚,𫶯
𠚰,𭴇,𥁅,𠕷,𡉓,𢇘,𦬑,𢨭,𣱘,𥤨,𥫭,𮡎,𦯽,𤕢,𫒈,𩁻,𫘺,𨳐,𣍲

Descendants

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め(Hiragana character derived fromman'yōgana)
メ(Katakana character derived fromman'yōgana)

References

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Kangxi Dictionary:page 254, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6036
Dae Jaweon: page 516, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1023, character 23
Unihan data for U+5973

Unihan data for U+F981

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character女
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the samephonetic series (女)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
拿	*rnaː
拏	*rnaː
詉	*rnaː
蒘	rnaː, na
笯	rnaː, naː, *naːs
挐	rnaː, na
絮	rnaːs, nas, snas, nas
呶	*rnaːw
怓	*rnaːw
帑	n̥ʰaːŋʔ, naː
奴	*naː
砮	naː, naːʔ
駑	*naː
孥	*naː
努	*naːʔ
弩	*naːʔ
怒	naːʔ, naːs
袽	*na
帤	*na
女	naʔ, nas
籹	*naʔ
恕	*hnjas
如	nja, njas
茹	nja, njaʔ, *njas
洳	nja, njas
鴽	*nja
蕠	*nja
汝	*njaʔ
肗	*njaʔ

Pictogram (象形): a woman with breasts kneeling or standing. In the modern form, the pictogram is reversed from the Oracle Bone script form, and is "facing" toward theright edge of the character: the enclosed area (bounded on the right side by the downward-curving second stroke of the modern form) is the remnant of the figure's right breast, while the figure's left breast has disappeared.

Graphically cognate to母 (mǔ, “mother”) and毋, which has developed similarly, but also includes dots for nipples and has retained both breasts. CompareEgyptian𓁐.

Similar but unrelated to卩, in which the person kneeling has unspecified gender.

Etymology 1

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trad.		女
simp.^#		女
alternative forms		𠨰

Wikipedia has articles on:

女(Chinese)
女(Cantonese)

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*naq(“woman”). CompareTibetanཉག་མོ(nyag mo,“woman”) (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation 2 is anexoactive derivation of pronunciation 1 (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):nǚ (nü³)
(Zhuyin):ㄋㄩˇ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):nyü³
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):nǜ
(Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):lǚ
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):нү (nü, II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):neoi⁵ /neoi^5-2 /neoi^5-1
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):nu⁵
(Taishan,Wiktionary):nui²
(Yangjiang,Jyutping++):nei²
Gan(Wiktionary):nyy³ / nyyn³
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):ńg
(Hailu,HRS):ng^ˊ
(Meixian,Guangdong):n³
(Changting, Changting Pinyin):ni³
Jin(Wiktionary):ny²
Northern Min(KCR):nṳ̌
Eastern Min(BUC):nṳ̄
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):dy³ / ly³
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):lú /lí /lír
(Teochew,Peng'im):neng² / ni²
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):ni²
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):nyu²
Wu(Northern,Wugniu):⁶gniu /⁴gniu /³niu
Xiang
(Changsha,Wiktionary):nyy³
(Loudi,Wiktionary):ny³
(Hengyang,Wiktionary):ny³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:nǚ
  - Zhuyin:ㄋㄩˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:nyǔ
  - Wade–Giles:nü³
  - Yale:nyǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:neu
  - Palladius:нюй(njuj)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ny²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:nyü³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:ny
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/nʲy⁵³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:nǜ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ny⁵³/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin:lǚ
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered):lü³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ly¹¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:нү (nü, II)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ny⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:neoi⁵ / neoi^5-2 / neoi^5-1
  - Yale:néuih / néui / nēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin:noey⁵ / noey^5-2 / noey^5-1
  - Guangdong Romanization:nêu⁵ / nêu^5-2 / nêu^5-1
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/nɵy̯¹³/, /nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/, /nɵy̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/

Note:

neoi5-2 - “daughter; girlfriend; girl”;
neoi5-1 - “queen”.

(Dongguan,Guancheng)
- Jyutping++:nu⁵
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/nu¹³/
(Taishanese,Taicheng)
- Wiktionary:nui²
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/ⁿdui⁵⁵/
(Yangjiang Yue,Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++:nei²
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/nei²¹/

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:nyy³ / nyyn³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/n̠ʲy²¹³/, /n̠ʲyn²¹³/

Note:

nyy3 - usual pronunciation, including “daughter”;
nyyn3 - “daughter”.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:ńg
  - Hakka Romanization System:ng^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:ng³
  - SinologicalIPA:/ŋ̍³¹/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:ng^ˊ
  - SinologicalIPA:/ŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:n³
  - SinologicalIPA:/n̩³¹/
- (Changting)
  - Changting Pinyin:ni³
  - SinologicalIPA:/ni⁴²/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:ny²
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/ny⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:nṳ̌
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ny²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:nṳ̄
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/nˡy³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:dy³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:dṳ̂
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ty⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:ly³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ly³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Changtai,Taipei,Tainan,Kaohsiung,Magong,Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:lú
  - Tâi-lô:lú
  - Phofsit Daibuun:luo
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/lu⁵⁵⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Changtai,Taipei,Tainan):/lu⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/lu⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Penang):/lu⁴⁴⁵/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Changtai,Zhangpu,Jinjiang,Yilan,Hsinchu,Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:lí
  - Tâi-lô:lí
  - Phofsit Daibuun:lie
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinjiang):/li⁵⁵⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Changtai,Zhangpu,Yilan):/li⁵³/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou,Nan'an,Hui'an,Yongchun,Lukang,Sanxia,Kinmen,Hsinchu,Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:lír
  - Tâi-lô:lír
  - SinologicalIPA (Yongchun,Kinmen,Klang):/lɯ⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Lukang):/lɨ⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hui'an):/lɯ⁵⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Nan'an):/lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

lú - literary;
lí/lír - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:neng² / ni²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:nṳ́ng / ní
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/nɯŋ⁵²/, /ni⁵²/

Note:

neng2 - vernacular;
ni2 - colloquial.

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin:ni²
- SinologicalIPA:/ni³¹/

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:nyu²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ny³³/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Suzhou,Ningbo)
  - Wugniu:⁶gniu
  - MiniDict:nyu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³nyy
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/n̠ʲy²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/n̠ʲy²³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/n̠ʲy¹¹³/
- (Northern:Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:⁴gniu
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/n̠ʲy²⁴/
- (Northern:Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu:³niu
  - MiniDict:'niu^上
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/ny⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:nyy³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/n̠ʲy⁴¹/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary:ny³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ny⁴²/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary:ny³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ny³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 女
Mandarin	Beijing	/ny²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ny²¹³/
	Tianjin	/nuei¹³/ /ny¹³/
	Jinan	/ȵy⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ny⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ny⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ny⁵³/
	Xining	/mji⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ny⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ȵy⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ȵy⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/y⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ȵy⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ni⁴²/
	Kunming	/ni⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ly²¹²/
	Hefei	/zz̩ʷ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ny⁵³/
	Pingyao	/nzz̩ʷ⁵³/～子 /ȵy⁵³/～貓
	Hohhot	/ny⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵy²³/
	Suzhou	/ȵy³¹/
	Hangzhou	/nz̩ʷ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵy³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ny³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/ȵy²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵy⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ȵy⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵy²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/n̩³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋ̍³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/nøy²³/
	Nanning	/ny²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/nøy¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lu⁵³/ /li⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ny³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ny²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/nɯŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/nu²¹³/

Middle Chinese:nrjoX

Rime
Character	女
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	娘 (12)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尼吕切
Baxter	nrjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɳɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɳiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/niɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɳɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/niɔ^X/
Wang Li	/nĭo^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ni̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nǚ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	neoi⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*nraʔ/
(Zhengzhang):/*naʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	女
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nǚ
Middle Chinese	‹ nrjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*nraʔ/
English	female
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	女
Reading #	1/2
No.	9616
Phonetic component	女
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*naʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

女

woman;(only of humans in Standard Chinese)female
女人 ― nǚrén ― woman
女的 ― nǚde ― woman; female
一個女演員／一个女演员 ― yī genǚ yǎnyuán ― an actress
一個女士兵／一个女士兵 ― yī genǚ shìbīng ― afemale soldier
請問女衛生間在哪兒？[MSC,trad.]
请问女卫生间在哪儿？[MSC,simp.]
Qǐngwènnǚ wèishēngjiān zài nǎr?[Pinyin]
Excuse me, where is theladies' lavatory?; Excuse me, where is thewomen's bathroom?
Coordinate term:男(nán)
See also:母,雌
daughter(Classifier:個／个c; 粒c)
次女 ― cì'nǚ ― seconddaughter
佢係我個女。[Cantonese,trad.]
佢系我个女。[Cantonese,simp.]
keoi⁵ hai⁶ ngo⁵ go³neoi^5-2[Jyutping]
She's mydaughter.
(Cantonese)girl;young female(Classifier:條／条c; 班c)
靚女／靓女[Cantonese] ― leng³neoi^5-2[Jyutping] ― prettygirl
(Cantonese, Teochew, slang)girlfriend(Classifier:條／条c; 粒mn-t)
- (Can wedate this quote?), “脚车破尼”, performed by郑小锴:
  想起昨年我許粒妮　騙我感情詐我個錢[Teochew,trad.]
  想起昨年我许粒妮　骗我感情诈我个钱[Teochew,simp.]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Cantonese, card games)queen(Classifier:張／张c; 隻／只c)
(astronomy) theGirl(a Chinese constellation nearAquarius, 10th of theTwenty-Eight Mansions and part of theBlack Turtle)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of女兒 (“daughter”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		女
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		女兒
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	女兒,女花兒,閨女,姑娘,丫頭
	Taiwan	女兒
	Langfang	閨妮
	Hulunbuir(Hailar)	女兒
	Harbin	女兒,姑娘,閨女,閨娘,丫頭
	Shenyang	姑娘,丫頭
	Malaysia	女兒
	Singapore	女兒
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	女兒,閨女,小棉襖 humorous
	Tangshan	閨女
	Cangzhou	閨女
	Baoding	閨女
	Shijiazhuang	閨女
	Weifang(Weicheng)	閨女
	Weifang(Fangzi)	閨女,嫚兒
	Changle	閨女兒
	Shouguang	閨女
	Wulian	閨女,丫頭,嫚兒,識字班
	Jinan	閨女
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai(Muping)	閨娘,閨娘子,女兒
	Qingdao	閨女
	Weifang(Hanting)	閨女
	Changyi	閨女,嫚姑子
	Gaomi	閨女,嫚兒,嫚兒姑子
	Zhucheng	閨女
	Anqiu	閨女
	Linqu	閨女
	Qingzhou	閨女
Central Plains Mandarin	Daming	妮兒
	Wanrong	女子
	Zhengzhou	閨女,妞
	Xi'an	女,女兒
	Xining	姑娘,丫頭
	Xuzhou	女兒,閨女
	Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan)	女兒,姑娘兒
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	女兒,丫頭
	Bayanhot	丫頭
	Lanzhou	女兒
	Ürümqi	女兒,丫頭
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	女兒,女,姑娘兒
	Wuhan	姑娘,丫頭
	Guiyang	姑娘,女娃娃,女娃兒,幺女,幺姑娘,小丫頭,小姑娘
	Kunming	囡兒,姑娘
	Guilin	女兒
	Liuzhou	女,丫頭
	Sanjiang(Danzhou)	妹崽
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	女兒,姑娘
	Yangzhou	女兒,姑娘
	Nantong	丫頭
	Hefei	女兒,丫頭
	Huanggang	女兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	女
	Hong Kong	女,女女,阿女
	Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)	女,妹仔
	Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)	女
	Hong Kong(Ting Kok)	阿女
	Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)	阿女
	Macau	女
	Guangzhou(Panyu)	女
	Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)	女
	Guangzhou(Conghua)	女
	Guangzhou(Zengcheng)	女
	Foshan	女
	Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)	女
	Foshan(Shunde)	女
	Foshan(Sanshui)	女
	Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)	女
	Zhongshan(Shiqi)	女
	Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	女
	Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	女
	Zhuhai(Doumen)	女
	Jiangmen(Baisha)	女
	Jiangmen(Xinhui)	女
	Taishan	女
	Kaiping(Chikan)	女
	Enping(Niujiang)	女
	Heshan(Yayao)	女
	Dongguan	女
	Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)	女
	Shenzhen(Dapeng)	阿女
	Qingyuan	女
	Fogang	女
	Yingde(Hanguang)	女
	Yangshan	妹仔
	Lianshan(Butian)	女
	Lianzhou(Qingshui; Sihui)	女
	Shaoguan	女
	Shaoguan(Qujiang)	女
	Renhua	女
	Lechang	女
	Zhaoqing(Gaoyao)	女
	Sihui	女
	Guangning	女
	Deqing	女
	Huaiji	女
	Fengkai(Nanfeng)	女
	Yunfu	女
	Xinxing	女
	Luoding	女
	Yunan(Pingtai)	女
	Yangjiang	桓仔,妹仔
	Xinyi	女
	Maoming(Xinpo)	女
	Lianjiang	女
	Wuchuan(Wuyang)	康女兒,夫娘儂
	Nanning	女
	Wuzhou	女
	Yulin	女
	Hepu(Lianzhou)	女
	Guiping	女
	Mengshan(Xihe)	女
	Guigang(Nanjiang)	女
	Beiliu(Tangliao)	女
	Baise	女
	Bobai	女
Lingshan	女
Pubei	女
Qinzhou	女
Beihai	女
Beihai(Nankang)	女
Beihai(Yingpan)	女
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	女,妹仔
Ningming	女
Hengzhou	女
Hezhou(Pumen, Babu)	女仔
Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)	女
Danzhou	女
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	女
Singapore(Guangfu)	女
Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)	女
Móng Cái	女
Gan	Nanchang	女,姑娘
	Lichuan	女
	Pingxiang	女,妹仔
Hakka	Meixian	妹仔
	Xingning	妹哩
	Dabu(Xihe)	妹兒,女
	Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)	阿女
	Huiyang	妹子
	Huidong(Daling)	妹仔
	Dongguan(Qingxi)	妹主
	Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)	妹主
	Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)	妹子
	Wuhua(Shuizhai)	妹哩
	Wuhua(Huacheng)	妹哩
	Wuhua(Changbu)	妹哩
	Wuhua(Mianyang)	妹哩
	Heyuan(Bendihua)	阿女
	Wengyuan	妹子
	Shaoguan(Qujiang)	妹子
	Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang)	妹仔
	Liannan	妹子
	Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)	女
	Jiexi	妹
	Luhe	妹仔,阿女
	Zhao'an(Xiuzhuan)	阿女
	Changting	妹子,女
	Wuping	妹子
	Wuping(Yanqian)	女哩
	Wuping(Pingyu)	妹子
	Liancheng	妹子娘
	Ninghua	女
	Yudu	女,女子
	Ningdu	女
	Ruijin	女,女子
	Shicheng	女
	Shangyou(Shexi)	女
	Tonggu(Sandu)	妹子
	Ganzhou(Panlong)	女
	Dayu	女哩
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	妹仔,妹子
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	妹仔,妹子
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	妹仔,妹子
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	妹,妹子,細妹
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	妹仔,妹子
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	阿女
	Hong Kong	妹子
	Yangxi(Tangkou)	妹子
	Yangchun(Sanjia)	女
	Xinyi(Sihe)	女
	Xinyi(Qianpai)	女
	Gaozhou(Xindong)	女
	Maoming(Shalang, Dianbai)	女
	Huazhou(Xin'an)	女子
	Lianjiang(Shijiao)	妹𧊅,女子
	Lianjiang(Qingping)	女
	Mengshan(Xihe)	妹子
	Luchuan	女
	Luchuan(Daqiao)	女
	Bobai(Shahe)	女
	Beiliu(Tang'an)	妹
	Mashan(Pianlian)	妹子
	Sabah(Bao'an)	妹子
	Sabah(Longchuan)	妹哩
	Kuala Lumpur(Dabu)	妹
	Senai(Huiyang)	妹子
	Singkawang	妹子
Huizhou	Jixi	女
	Shexian	女
	Huangshan(Tunxi)	囡,囡囝
	Xiuning	囡兒
	Yixian	囡兒
	Qimen	女,女兒
	Wuyuan	女,女兒,囡
	Fuliang	女崽
	Dexing	𡚴姑
	Jingde	女伲
	Shitai(Xianyu)	女兒
Jin	Taiyuan	閨女,姑娘,妮子
	Pingyao	閨女,女子
	Xinzhou	閨女
	Hohhot	閨女,女子
	Zhangjiakou	閨女
	Handan	閨女
Northern Min	Jian'ou	阿娘囝
	Jian'ou(Dikou)	娘囝
	Songxi	阿娘囝
	Zhenghe	阿娘囝
	Zhenghe(Zhenqian)	娘囝
	Jianyang	阿娘囝
	Wuyishan	阿娘囝
	Pucheng(Shibei)	阿娘囝
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	諸娘囝
	Fuzhou(Changle)	諸娘囝
	Fuqing	諸娘囝
	Yongtai	諸娘囝
	Gutian	諸娘囝
	Pingnan	諸娘囝
	Fu'an	諸娘囝
	Ningde	諸母囝
	Shouning	諸母囝
	Zhouning	諸娘囝
	Fuding	諸母囝
	Matsu	諸娘囝
Southern Min	Xiamen	查某囝,查某仔
	Quanzhou	查某仔
	Yongchun	查某囝
	Zhangzhou	查某仔,灶雞
	Zhangzhou(Changtai)	查某仔
	Pinghe	查某囝,查某仔 Xiazhai, Jiufeng, Luxi
	Zhangpu	查某仔
	Dongshan	查囝
	Taipei	查某囝
	New Taipei(Sanxia)	查某囝
	Kaohsiung	查某囡仔,查某囝
	Yilan	查某囝
	Changhua(Lukang)	查某囝
	Taichung	查某囝
	Taichung(Wuqi)	查某囝
	Tainan	查某囝
	Taitung	查某囝
	Hsinchu	查某囝
	Kinmen	查某囡仔
	Penghu(Magong)	查某囝
	Penang(Hokkien)	查某囝,查某仔
	Singapore(Hokkien)	查某囝
	Manila(Hokkien)	查某仔,查某囝
	Longyan	查某仔
	Zhangping	查某仔
	Zhangping(Yongfu)	查某仔
	Datian	阿使
	Pingnan(Shangdu)	女
	Chaozhou	走囝
	Shantou	走囝
	Shantou(Chenghai)	走囝
	Jieyang	走囝
	Haifeng	查某囝
	Bangkok(Teochew)	走囝
	Johor Bahru(Teochew)	走囝
	Singapore(Teochew)	查某囝,走囝
	Batam(Teochew)	查某囝,走囝
	Pontianak(Teochew)	查某囝
	Leizhou	查某囝
	Wenchang	查某囝
	Haikou	查某囝,查囝
	Qionghai	查某囝
Puxian Min	Putian	嬸娘囝
	Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	嬸娘囝
	Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu)	嬸娘囝
	Xianyou	子囝
	Xianyou(Fengting)	子囝
	Xianyou(Youyang)	子囝
Central Min	Yong'an	娘囝
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)	中母囝
Southern Pinghua	Nanning(Tingzi)	女
Northern Pinghua	Guilin(Dahe)	女
Shehua	Fu'an	女
	Fuding	女
	Luoyuan	女
	Sanming	女
	Shunchang	女
	Hua'an	妹仔
	Guixi(Zhangping)	女
	Cangnan	女
	Jingning(Hexi)	女
	Lishui	女
	Longyou	女
	Chaozhou	女
	Fengshun	女
Wu	Shanghai	囡兒,囡 dated,囡兒大細 dated,小鬼丫頭 endearing
	Shanghai(Songjiang)	囡兒,囡
	Shanghai(Chuansha, Pudong)	囡兒
	Shanghai(Nanhui, Pudong)	囡
	Shanghai(Fengxian)	女小囡
	Shanghai(Jinshan)	囡
	Shanghai(Qingpu)	囡兒,囡
	Shanghai(Jiading)	丫頭兒
	Shanghai(Yuepu, Baoshan)	丫頭
	Shanghai(Chongming)	丫頭
	Suzhou	囡兒
	Wuxi	囡兒
	Danyang	女兒
	Hangzhou	女兒
	Ningbo	囡
	Wenzhou	奶兒
	Jinhua	囡兒,囡,女兒
Xiang	Changsha	女,妹子
	Xiangtan	女,妹唧
	Loudi	女
	Shuangfeng	女
	Quanzhou	女崽
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	女

Dialectal synonyms of女朋友 (“girlfriend”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		女朋友,女友
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	女朋友
	Taiwan	女朋友,女友,馬子 humorous or derogatory
	Singapore	女朋友
Central Plains Mandarin	Xuzhou	女朋友
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	女娃子,女娃娃,女娃兒,盤子
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	𧊅
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	女朋友,攀西
Cantonese	Guangzhou	女朋友,女
	Hong Kong	女朋友,女友,女,女女,菜 derogatory
	Taishan	女朋友,女
	Dongguan	皮油
	Singapore(Guangfu)	女朋友
Hakka	Meixian	女朋友
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	細妹朋友,女朋友
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	細妹朋友,女朋友
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	細妹朋友,女朋友
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	細妹朋友,女朋友
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	妹子朋友,女朋友
	Senai(Huiyang)	貨
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	女朋友
Southern Min	Xiamen	女朋友
	Shishi	女朋友
	Taipei	姼仔 GT
	Penang(Hokkien)	查某朋友
	Singapore(Hokkien)	查某朋友
	Manila(Hokkien)	好的,相好,女朋友,查某朋友
	Chaozhou	女朋友
	Haifeng	女朋友
	Singapore(Teochew)	查某朋友
	Leizhou	女朋友
	Singapore(Hainanese)	女朋友
Wu	Shanghai	女朋友
	Suzhou	女朋友
	Hangzhou	女朋友
	Ningbo	女朋友
	Zhoushan	女朋友
Xiang	Changsha	妹子
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Dialectal synonyms of圈兒 (“queen (playing cards)”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	疙瘩,疙瘩包
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	皮蛋,十二
	Zhengzhou	十二,圈
	Xi'an	圈子
	Xuzhou	皮蛋,皮球,球蛋
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	皮蛋,圈子
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	皮蛋,蛋,環,婆婆
	Guiyang	蛋,蛋蛋
	Liuzhou	悶,丘
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	皮蛋
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	皮蛋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	女
	Hong Kong	女
	Taishan	女
	Nanning	敏
	Nanning(Tanka)	文
	Wuzhou	敏
	Yulin	敏
Gan	Nanchang	皮蛋
	Pengze	箍
	Lichuan	皮蛋
	Pingxiang	蛋,皮蛋架架
Hakka	Yudu	圈子
Huizhou	Jixi	皮蛋
Jin	Taiyuan	圈兒
Southern Min	Xiamen	Q,卵
	Shantou	箍,𡚸,妹
	Puning	箍
Wu	Shanghai	皮蛋
	Shanghai(Chongming)	皮蛋
	Suzhou	蛋,皮蛋
	Ningbo	皮蛋,蛋

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Sino-Xenic (女):

→ Japanese:女(じょ)(jo)
→ Korean:여(女)(yeo)
→ Vietnamese:nữ(女)

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin):nǜ (nü⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄋㄩˋ
Cantonese(Jyutping):neoi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:nǜ
  - Zhuyin:ㄋㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:nyù
  - Wade–Giles:nü⁴
  - Yale:nyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:niuh
  - Palladius:нюй(njuj)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ny⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:neoi⁶
  - Yale:neuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin:noey⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization:nêu⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/nɵy̯²²/

Middle Chinese:nrjoH

Rime
Character	女
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	娘 (12)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尼據切
Baxter	nrjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɳɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɳiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/niɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɳɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/niɔ^H/
Wang Li	/nĭo^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ni̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nǜ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	neoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*nraʔ-s/
(Zhengzhang):/*nas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	女
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nǜ
Middle Chinese	‹ nrjo^H ›
Old Chinese	/*nraʔ-s/
English	give as a wife
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	女
Reading #	2/2
No.	9618
Phonetic component	女
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	女
Old Chinese	/*nas/

Definitions

[edit]

女

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) togive one'sdaughter inmarriage; to give aswife
- 宋雍氏女於鄭莊公，曰雍姞。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  宋雍氏女于郑庄公，曰雍姞。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:Commentary of Zuo,c. 4^th centuryBCE
  Sòng Yōngshìnǜ yú Zhèng Zhuānggōng, yuē Yōng Jí.[Pinyin]
  The officer Yong of Song hadmarried off a daughter, called Yong Ji [雍姞; Yong was the father's clan name (氏); Ji the surname (姓)] to duke Zhuang of Zheng.
- 殷辛伐有蘇，有蘇氏以妲己女焉。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  殷辛伐有苏，有苏氏以妲己女焉。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:Guoyu, circa 4^th centuryBCE
  Yīnxīn fá yǒusū, yǒusū shì yǐ dájǐnǜ yān.[Pinyin]
  Xin ofYin attacked Yousu; Lord Yousumarried off his daughterDa Ji [to him].

Etymology 2

[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of女 – see汝 (“you”).
(This character is a variant form of汝).

References

[edit]

“女”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[6],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 女

女

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Go-on:にょ(nyo,Jōyō)
Kan-on:じょ(jo,Jōyō)^{←ぢよ(dyo,historical)}
Kan’yō-on:にょう(nyō,Jōyō^†)
Kun:おんな(onna,女,Jōyō)^{←をんな(wonna,女,historical)}^{←をみな(womina,女, ancient)}、め(me,女,Jōyō)、おうな(ōna,女)^{←をうな(wouna,女,historical)}、おな(ona,女)^{←をな(wona,女,historical)}、おなあ(onā,女)^{←をなあ(wonaa,女,historical)}、むすめ(musume,女)、なんじ(nanji,女)^{←なんぢ(nandi,女,historical)}
Nanori:おな(ona)、た(ta)、つき(tsuki)、な(na)

Compounds

[edit]

Compounds

女(じょ)王(おう)(joō),女(じょう)王(おう)(jōō),女(にょ)王(おう)(nyoō,“queen”)
女(じょ)医(い)(joi,“female doctor”)
少(しょう)女(じょ)(shōjo,“young girl,style ofanime for youngwomen”)
女(じょ)系(けい)(jokei,“woman-succession;matrilineal”)
女(じょ)傑(けつ)(joketsu,“brave woman”)
女(じょ)権(けん)(joken,“women'srights”)
女(じょ)史(し)(joshi,“Ms.”)
女(じょ)中(ちゅう)(jochū,“maid”)
処(しょ)女(じょ)(shojo,“virgin,maiden”)
女(じょ)子(し)(joshi,“girl”)
女(じょ)児(じ)(joji,“femaleinfant”)
女(じょ)神(しん)(joshin)
女(じょ)性(せい)(josei,“woman”)
女(じょ)声(せい)(josei,“femalevoice”)
女(じょ)婿(せい),女(じょ)壻(せい)(josei,“son-in-law”)
女(じょ)帝(てい)(jotei,“empress”)
女(じょ)優(ゆう)(joyū,“actress”)
女(じょ)流(りゅう)(joryū,“female”)
女(じょ)郎(ろう)(jorō,“prostitute”)
女(にょ)官(かん)(nyokan,“court lady”)
女(にょ)性(しょう)(nyoshō)
女(にょ)将(しょう)(nyoshō,“mistress,hostess”)
女(にょ)人(にん)(nyonin,“woman”)
女(にょう)房(ぼう)(nyōbō,“wife”)
悪(あく)女(じょ)(akujo)
王(おう)女(じょ)(ōjo),王(おう)女(にょ)(ōnyo,“princess”)
皇(おう)女(じょ)(ōjo)
宮(きゅう)女(じょ)(kyūjo)
孝(こう)女(じょ)(kōjo,“filial daughter”)
工(こう)女(じょ)(kōjo,“female worker”)
皇(こう)女(じょ)(kōjo,“imperial princess”)
才(さい)女(じょ)(saijo)
子(し)女(じょ)(shijo)
二(じ)女(じょ)(jijo)
次(じ)女(じょ)(jijo)
侍(じ)女(じょ)(jijo)
淑(しゅく)女(じょ)(shukujo)
信(しん)女(にょ)(shinnyo)
仙(せん)女(にょ)(sennyo),仙(せん)女(じょ)(senjo,“fairy,nymph,elf”)
善(ぜん)女(にょ)(zennyo)
- 善(ぜん)男(なん)善(ぜん)女(にょ)(zennan zennyo)
息(そく)女(じょ)(sokujo,“daughter”,honorific)
男(だん)女(じょ)(danjo)
男(だん)尊(そん)女(じょ)卑(ひ)(dansonjohi)
痴(ち)女(じょ)(chijo,“slut,female libertine”)
長(ちょう)女(じょ)(chōjo,“eldest daughter”)
天(てん)女(にょ)(tennyo)
東(トン)女(じょ)(tonjo)
男(なん)女(にょ)(nannyo)
- 老(ろう)若(にゃく)男(なん)女(にょ)(rōnyaku nannyo)
美(び)女(じょ)(bijo,“beauty,belle”)
本(ぽん)女(じょ)(ponjo)
魔(ま)女(じょ)(majo,“witch”)
遊(ゆう)女(じょ)(yūjo)
幼(よう)女(じょ)(yōjo)
養(よう)女(じょ)(yōjo)
老(ろう)女(じょ)(rōjo)
女将(おかみ)(okami)
女形(おやま)(oyama)
貴女(あなた)(anata)
海女(あま)(ama)
瞽女(ごぜ)(goze)
女衒(ぜげん)(zegen)
侍女(まかたち),従女(まかたち)(makatachi)
巫女(みこ)(miko)
皇女(みこ)(miko)
湯女(ゆな)(yuna)

Etymology 1

[edit]

Kanji in this term
女
おんな Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨womi₁na⟩ → */womʲina/ →/womʉna/ →/wonːa/ →/onːa/

Shift fromOld Japanesewomina →omina. See the女(omina) entry for further details.

Now one of the standard Japanese words for "a woman".

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Tokyo)おんな[òńnáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[2]^[3]^[1]
IPA^(key): [õ̞nːa̠]
Audio: (file)

(Kyōto)おんな [óꜜǹnà] (Kōki)^[1]

Noun

[edit]

女(おんな)• (onna) ^{←をんな(wonna)^?}

afemale person
Antonym:男(otoko)
(specifically) awoman, anadult female
Antonym:男(otoko)
awife
Synonyms:妻(tsuma),女房(nyōbō)
amistress,concubine
Synonyms:愛人(aijin),情婦(jōfu),妾(mekake)
amaid
Synonyms:下女(gejo),女中(jochū)
aprostitute
Synonyms:淫売婦(inbaifu),女郎(jorō),売春婦(baishunfu),遊女(yūjo)
a woman'sappearance orquality
afeminine object
theobject in apairing which issmaller,gentler, etc. than the other
(vulgar)girlfriend
人(ひと)の女(おんな)に手(て)を出(だ)すな！
Hito noonna ni te o dasuna!
Don't you fuckin' dare touch someone else'sgirl!

Usage notes

[edit]

Often used with人(hito) in the phrase女の人(onna no hito) to avoid sounding too blunt, or with方(kata) in the phrase女の方(onna no kata) to show politeness.

Derived terms

[edit]

Derived terms

女(おんな)し(onnashi)
女(おんな)親(おや)(onnaoya,“female parent”)
女(おんな)形(がた)(onnagata,“male actor infemale role ofkabuki”)
女(おんな)神(がみ)(onnagami)
女(おんな)子(ご)(onnago)
女(おんな)心(ごころ)(onna-gokoro,“woman'smind”)
女(おんな)坂(ざか)(onnazaka)
女(おんな)手(で)(onnade,“female worker”)
女(おんな)友達(ともだち)(onna tomodachi,“girlfriend, femalefriend”)
男(おとこ)女(おんな)(otoko-onna)
彼女(かのじょ)(kanojo,“girlfriend”, literally“she”)
下種(げす)女(おんな)(gesu onna)
雪(ゆき)女(おんな)(yuki onna,“snowwoman”)

Idioms

[edit]

女(おんな)になる(onna ni naru)
女(おんな)を上(あ)げる(onna o ageru)

Proverbs

[edit]

Proverbs

女(おんな)氏(うじ)無(な)くして玉(たま)の輿(こし)に乗(の)る(onna ujinakushite tama no koshi ni noru)
女(おんな)賢(さか)しくて牛(うし)売(う)り損(そこ)なう(onna sakashikute ushi urisokonau)
女(おんな)三界(さんがい)に家(いえ)なし(onna sangai ni ie nashi)
女(おんな)三人(さんにん)寄(よ)れば姦(かしま)しい(onna sannin yoreba kashimashī)
女(おんな)の足(あし)駄(だ)にて造(つく)れる笛(ふえ)には秋(あき)の鹿(しか)寄(よ)る(onna no ashida ni te tsukureru fue ni wa aki no shika yoru)
女(おんな)の一念(いちねん)岩(いわ)をも通(とお)す(onna no ichinen iwa o mo tōsu)
女(おんな)の髪(かみ)の毛(け)には大象(たいぞう)も繫(つな)がる(onna no kami no ke ni wa taizō mo tsunagaru)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Kanji in this term
女
おみな Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨womi₁na⟩ → */womʲina/ →/omina/

FromOld Japanese.^[4]

The initial/wo/ expressed "small,youth" and contrasted with/o/ "grown,old" (as in嫗(omina,“old woman”)), while the medial/mi/ is cognate with女(me,“female,woman”,see below). According to Frellesvig (2010), proto-Japonic/e/ became Old Japanese[je] in final position and[i] elsewhere; analogous with PJ/o/, which became OJ[wo] in final position and[u] elsewhere (though PJ/i/ and/u/ also existed, compareOld Japanese火's two readings/po/ &/pu/ in Western & Eastern Old Japanese, respectively (Vovin, 2017)).

Pronunciation

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(Tokyo)おみな[òmíná] (Heiban – [0])^[3]^[5]
(Tokyo)おみな[óꜜmìnà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[5]
IPA^(key): [o̞mʲina̠]

(Kyōto)おみな [óꜜmìnà] (Kōki)^[5]

Noun

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女(おみな)• (omina) ^{←をみな(womina)^?}

(archaic) ayoung woman
(archaic) a woman

Derived terms

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Derived terms

女郎花(オミナエシ)(ominaeshi),女郎花(おみなめし)(ominameshi)
女(おみな)神(がみ)(ominagami)
女(おみな)髪長(かみなが)(omina kaminaga)
女(おみな)子(ご)(ominago)
東(あずま)女(おみな)(azuma-omina)
宮(みや)女(おみな)(miya-omina)

Proper noun

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女(おみな)• (Omina) ^{←をみな(Womina)^?}

a femalegiven name

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
女
め Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨me₁⟩ → */mʲe/ →/me/

FromOld Japanese,^[6] fromProto-Japonic*mia.

Appears to be distinct from目(⟨me₂⟩ → me,“eye”).

Alternative forms

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(wife):妻
(female):雌,牝

Pronunciation

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(Tokyo)め[méꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[7]
IPA^(key): [me̞]

(Kyōto)めー [méé] (Kōki – [0])^[7]

Noun

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女(め)• (me)

awoman
Antonym:男(o)
女(め)神(がみ)
megami
goddess
awife
- c.890,Taketori Monogatari (page 3)^[8]
  ...女(め)の女(をんな)にあづけてやしなはす。
  ...me no onna ni azukete yashinawasu.
  (please add an English translation of this example)
Synonym:妻(tsuma)
Antonym:男(o)
afemale
Antonym:男,牡,雄(o)