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墩

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

墩	U+58A9,墩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58A9

←墨
[U+58A8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

墪 →
[U+58AA]

Translingual

Han character

墩 (Kangxi radical 32,土+12, 15 strokes,cangjie input土卜木大 (GYDK),four-corner4814₇,composition⿰土敦)

References

Kangxi Dictionary:page 239, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5470
Dae Jaweon: page 478, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 488, character 19
Unihan data for U+58A9

Chinese

simp. andtrad.		墩
2nd round simp.		敦
alternative forms		墪

Glyph origin

Characters in the samephonetic series (敦)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
弴	tjuː, tuːn
敦	tuːl, doːn, tuːn, tuːns
錞	duːlʔ, duːls, *djun
憝	*duːls
憞	*duːls
譈	*duːls
鐓	*duːls
鷻	*doːn
鶉	doːn, djun
惇	tuːn, tjun
墩	*tuːn
驐	*tuːn
燉	tuːns, tʰuːn, *duːn
焞	tʰuːn, djun
啍	tʰuːn, duːn
暾	*tʰuːn
噋	tʰuːn, kʰʷaːɡ
諄	tjun, tjuns
埻	tjunʔ, kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ
稕	*tjuns
醇	*djun
淳	*djun
犉	*njun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*tuːn): semantic 土(“soil”) + phonetic 敦(OC*tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin):dūn (dun¹)
(Zhuyin):ㄉㄨㄣ
Cantonese(Jyutping):deon¹ /dan¹ /dan²
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):tûn
(Hailu,HRS):dun^ˋ
Jin(Wiktionary):dung¹
Eastern Min(BUC):dŏng / dŭng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):dong¹ / duong¹
Southern Min(Hokkien,POJ):tun

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:dūn
  - Zhuyin:ㄉㄨㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:dun
  - Wade–Giles:tun¹
  - Yale:dwūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:duen
  - Palladius:дунь(dunʹ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tu̯ən⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese,erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:dūnr
  - Zhuyin:ㄉㄨㄣㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:dunr
  - Wade–Giles:tun¹-ʼrh
  - Yale:dwūnr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:duel
  - Palladius:дуньр(dunʹr)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tu̯əɻ⁵⁵/

Note:

dūnr - “block of stone or wood; seat”.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:deon¹ / dan¹ / dan²
  - Yale:dēun / dān / dán
  - Cantonese Pinyin:doen¹ / dan¹ / dan²
  - Guangdong Romanization:dên¹ / den¹ / den²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tɵn⁵⁵/, /tɐn⁵⁵/, /tɐn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:tûn
  - Hakka Romanization System:dun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:dun¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/tun²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:dun^ˋ
  - SinologicalIPA:/tun⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:dung¹
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/tuŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:dŏng / dŭng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/touŋ⁵⁵/, /tuŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:dong¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:deong
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tɔŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:duong¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:tun
  - Tâi-lô:tun
  - Phofsit Daibuun:dwn
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/tun⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/tun³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/tun⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/tun⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/tun⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese:twon

Rime
Character	墩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都昆切
Baxter	twon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuən/
Pan Wuyun	/tuon/
Shao Rongfen	/tuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/twən/
Li Rong	/tuən/
Wang Li	/tuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	deon¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang):/*tuːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墩
Reading #	1/1
No.	2600
Phonetic component	敦
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	敦
Old Chinese	/*tuːn/

Definitions

墩

mound
block ofstone orwood
tomop (the floor)
Classifier fordensely growing plants: cluster
Classifier forrounds in acard game: trick

Compounds

References

“墩”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆[Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “墩”, in莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page57.

Japanese

Kanji

墩

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified):とん(ton)

Korean

Hanja

墩• (don) (hangeul돈,revised don,McCune–Reischauer ton)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

墩:Hán Nôm readings:đôn

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