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塗 (Kangxi radical 32,土+10, 13 strokes,cangjie input水木土 (EDG),four-corner38104,composition⿱涂土)
| trad. | 塗 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 涂* | |
| alternative forms | ||
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 斜 | *lja, *laː |
| 茶 | *rlaː |
| 荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
| 梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 搽 | *rlaː |
| 塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
| 佘 | *ɦlja |
| 賒 | *hljaː |
| 畬 | *hljaː, *la |
| 舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 捨 | *hljaːʔ |
| 騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 涻 | *hljaːs |
| 稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
| 庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
| 捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 途 | *l'aː |
| 酴 | *l'aː |
| 駼 | *l'aː |
| 鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
| 涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
| 嵞 | *l'aː |
| 峹 | *l'aː |
| 筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
| 蒤 | *l'aː |
| 徐 | *lja |
| 俆 | *lja |
| 敘 | *ljaʔ |
| 漵 | *ljaʔ |
| 除 | *l'a, *l'as |
| 篨 | *rla |
| 滁 | *rla |
| 蒢 | *rla |
| 蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
| 鵨 | *hljaː |
| 瑹 | *hlja |
| 余 | *la |
| 餘 | *la |
| 艅 | *la |
| 狳 | *la |
| 雓 | *la |
| 悆 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*rlaː, *l'aː): phonetic 涂(OC*l'aː, *l'a) + semantic 土(“earth; dirt”).
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 塗 | 塗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 同都切 | 宅加切 |
| Baxter | du | drae |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duo/ | /ɖˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duo/ | /ɖᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /do/ | /ȡa/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɔ/ | /ɖaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /do/ | /ȡa/ |
| Wang Li | /du/ | /ȡa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuo/ | /ȡʱa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tú | chá |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tou4 | caa4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 塗 | 塗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tú | tú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ du › | ‹ du › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁa/ | /*lˁa/ |
| English | to plaster | road |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 塗 | 塗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 15751 | 15774 |
| Phonetic component | 余 | 余 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𡨀 | 徒 |
| Old Chinese | /*rlaː/ | /*l'aː/ |
| Notes | 今作搽 | |
塗
The surname塗／涂 (Tú) is different from the surnames涂 (Tú) and凃 (Tú).
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 塗 |
| ぬ(り) Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of塗 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term,塗, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
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