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Japanese![]() |
塔 (Kangxi radical 32,土+10in Chinese, 土+9in Japanese, 13 strokesin Chinese, 12 strokesin Japanese,cangjie input土廿人口 (GTOR),four-corner44161,composition⿰土荅)
trad. | 塔 | |
---|---|---|
simp.# | 塔 | |
alternative forms | 㙮 墖 𩫊 |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
龕 | *kʰuːm |
媕 | *quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb |
頜 | *ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb |
答 | *tkuːb |
畣 | *tkuːb |
荅 | *tkuːb |
嗒 | *tuːb, *tʰoːb |
褡 | *tuːb, *toːb |
撘 | *tuːb |
搭 | *tuːb, *tʰoːb |
榙 | *tkuːb, *ɡuːb |
佮 | *tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb |
蛤 | *kuːb |
鴿 | *kuːb |
合 | *kuːb, *ɡuːb |
郃 | *kuːb, *ɡuːb |
匌 | *kuːb, *kʰuːb |
鉿 | *kuːb |
閤 | *kuːb |
鞈 | *kuːb, *kruːb |
韐 | *kuːb, *kruːb |
鮯 | *kuːb |
哈 | *ŋɡuːb |
姶 | *quːb, *quːb |
欱 | *qʰuːb, *qʰruːb |
盒 | *ɡuːb |
耠 | *ɡuːb |
詥 | *ɡuːb |
塔 | *tʰuːb |
鞳 | *tʰoːb |
劄 | *rtuːb |
跲 | *kruːb, *kob, *ɡob |
袷 | *kruːb, *ŋkob |
餄 | *kruːb |
恰 | *kʰruːb |
帢 | *kʰruːb |
洽 | *ɡruːb |
祫 | *ɡruːb |
珨 | *ɡruːb |
烚 | *ɡruːb |
歙 | *qʰjob, *qʰrub |
湁 | *tkʰub |
拾 | *ɡjub |
給 | *krub |
翕 | *qʰrub |
噏 | *qʰrub |
潝 | *qʰrub |
熻 | *qʰrub |
嬆 | *qʰrub |
翖 | *qʰrub |
闟 | *qʰrub |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*tʰuːb): semantic 土 + phonetic 荅(OC*tkuːb).
Borrowed from aMiddle Indo-Aryan language into the lateOld Chinese ofEastern Han (alternatively considered an early form ofMiddle Chinese), for example in the translations attributed toLokakṣema. Cf.Ashokan Prakrit𑀣𑀼𑀩𑁂(thube),Gandhari𐨠𐨂𐨬(thuva) and other forms,Palithūpa, vs.Sanskritस्तूप(stūpa).
Variety | Location | 塔 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /tʰa²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /tʰa²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /tʰɑ¹³/ | |
Jinan | /tʰa²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /tʰa⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /tʰa²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /tʰa²¹/ | |
Xining | /tʰa⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /tʰa¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /tʰa¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /tʰa²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /tʰa²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /tʰa³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /tʰa²¹/ | |
Kunming | /tʰa̠³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /tʰɑʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /tʰɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /tʰaʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /tʰʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /tʰaʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /tʰaʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /tʰaʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /tʰɑʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /tʰa²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /tʰaʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /tʰɔ⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /tʰa²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /tʰɒ²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /tʰaʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /tʰap̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /tʰɑp̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tʰap̚³/ |
Nanning | /tʰap̚³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /tʰap̚³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tʰap̚³²/ /tʰaʔ³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tʰɑʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰa²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰaʔ²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ha⁵⁵/ |
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 塔 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
Final (韻) | 盍 (144) |
Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 吐盍切 |
Baxter | thap |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰɑp̚/ |
Pan Wuyun | /tʰɑp̚/ |
Shao Rongfen | /tʰɑp̚/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰap̚/ |
Li Rong | /tʰɑp̚/ |
Wang Li | /tʰɑp̚/ |
Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰɑp̚/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex | ta |
Expected Cantonese Reflex | taap3 |
塔
Others:
(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji,kyūjitai form墖)
Kanji in this term |
---|
塔 |
とう Grade: S |
on'yomi |
/tapu/ →/taɸu/ → */tawu/ →/tau/ →/tɔː/ →/toː/
FromMiddle Chinese塔 (MC thap, “tower, pagoda, spire”).
An abbreviation for卒塔婆(sotoba, sotōba), a transliteration ofSanskritस्तूप(stūpa,“heap”).[1]
Kanji in this term |
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塔 |
あららぎ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
First appears in theEngishiki compilation of laws created in the early 900s, spelled phonetically in kanji as阿良良伎.[1] Spelled as蘭,araragi literally means “wild onion” and refers to the wildrocambole, possiblyhardneck garlic, notable for its tall green stalk sticking straight up. Used as aeuphemism for塔 (tafu at the time),[1][2] as that word's Buddhist connotations were viewed astaboo in contexts having to do with the religious center ofItsuki no Miya (斎宮, also known asSaikū).
塔:Hán Việt readings:tháp[1][2][3][4][5],đáp[3]
塔:Nôm readings:tháp[1][2],thạp[2],thóp[2],đắp[1]