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See also:
U+5854,塔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5854

[U+5853]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5855]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
Japanese

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 32,+10in Chinese, 土+9in Japanese, 13 strokesin Chinese, 12 strokesin Japanese,cangjie input土廿人口 (GTOR),four-corner44161,composition)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 235, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5332
  • Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 460, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5854

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp.#
alternative forms

𩫊

Glyph origin

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Characters in the samephonetic series ()(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʰuːm
*quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb
*ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb
*tkuːb
*tkuːb
*tkuːb
*tuːb, *tʰoːb
*tuːb, *toːb
*tuːb
*tuːb, *tʰoːb
*tkuːb, *ɡuːb
*tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb
*kuːb
鴿*kuːb
*kuːb, *ɡuːb
*kuːb, *ɡuːb
*kuːb, *kʰuːb
*kuːb
*kuːb
*kuːb, *kruːb
*kuːb, *kruːb
*kuːb
*ŋɡuːb
*quːb, *quːb
*qʰuːb, *qʰruːb
*ɡuːb
*ɡuːb
*ɡuːb
*tʰuːb
*tʰoːb
*rtuːb
*kruːb, *kob, *ɡob
*kruːb, *ŋkob
*kruːb
*kʰruːb
*kʰruːb
*ɡruːb
*ɡruːb
*ɡruːb
*ɡruːb
*qʰjob, *qʰrub
*tkʰub
*ɡjub
*krub
*qʰrub
*qʰrub
*qʰrub
*qʰrub
*qʰrub
*qʰrub
*qʰrub

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*tʰuːb): semantic + phonetic (OC*tkuːb).

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from aMiddle Indo-Aryan language into the lateOld Chinese ofEastern Han (alternatively considered an early form ofMiddle Chinese), for example in the translations attributed toLokakṣema. Cf.Ashokan Prakrit𑀣𑀼𑀩𑁂(thube),Gandhari𐨠𐨂𐨬(thuva) and other forms,Palithūpa, vs.Sanskritस्तूप(stūpa).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • thap - literary;
  • thah - vernacular.
Note:
  • ta7 - vernacular;
  • tab4 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
MandarinBeijing/tʰa²¹⁴/
Harbin/tʰa²¹³/
Tianjin/tʰɑ¹³/
Jinan/tʰa²¹³/
Qingdao/tʰa⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou/tʰa²⁴/
Xi'an/tʰa²¹/
Xining/tʰa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/tʰa¹³/
Lanzhou/tʰa¹³/
Ürümqi/tʰa²¹³/
Wuhan/tʰa²¹³/
Chengdu/tʰa³¹/
Guiyang/tʰa²¹/
Kunming/tʰa̠³¹/
Nanjing/tʰɑʔ⁵/
Hefei/tʰɐʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/tʰaʔ²/
Pingyao/tʰʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot/tʰaʔ⁴³/
WuShanghai/tʰaʔ⁵/
Suzhou/tʰaʔ⁵/
Hangzhou/tʰɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou/tʰa²¹³/
HuiShexian/tʰaʔ²¹/
Tunxi/tʰɔ⁵/
XiangChangsha/tʰa²⁴/
Xiangtan/tʰɒ²⁴/
GanNanchang/tʰaʔ⁵/
HakkaMeixian/tʰap̚¹/
Taoyuan/tʰɑp̚²²/
CantoneseGuangzhou/tʰap̚³/
Nanning/tʰap̚³³/
Hong Kong/tʰap̚³/
MinXiamen (Hokkien)/tʰap̚³²/
/tʰaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)/tʰɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)/tʰa²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew)/tʰaʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese)/ha⁵⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (6)
Final () (144)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()I
Fanqie
Baxterthap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰɑp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰɑp̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰɑp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰap̚/
Li
Rong
/tʰɑp̚/
Wang
Li
/tʰɑp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/tʰɑp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ta
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
taap3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.4979
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tʰuːb/
Notesthupa

Definitions

[edit]

  1. tower
  2. pagoda
  3. spire
  4. tallbuilding
  5. (tarot) theTower
  6. (Taiwan)tart(pastry)
      ― dàn  ―  eggtart
    檸檬柠檬  ― níngméng  ―  lemontart
  7. (neologism, fandomslang) realidentity of avirtual YouTuber
  8. asurname,Ta

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():

Others:

  • Thai:ถะ(,pagoda)

References

[edit]
  • ”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆[Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “”, in莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page223.

Japanese

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Kanji

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See also:

(Jōyō kanjishinjitai kanji,kyūjitai form)

  1. pagoda,tower,steeple

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

[edit]
JapaneseWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaja
EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
(): apagoda.
Kanji in this term
とう
Grade: S
on'yomi

/tapu//taɸu/ → */tawu//tau//tɔː//toː/

FromMiddle Chinese (MC thap, “tower, pagoda, spire”).

An abbreviation for卒塔婆(sotoba, sotōba), a transliteration ofSanskritस्तूप(stūpa,heap).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(とう) (たふ(tafu)?

  1. tower(structure)
    (ふた)つの(とう)
    Futatsu no
    The TwoTowers
  2. (Buddhism)pagoda,stupa
  3. (Christianity)steeple,spire
  4. turret(of a castle or fortification)
Derived terms
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Idioms
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Suffix

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(とう) (-tōたふ(-tafu)?

  1. (in general)tower
  2. (Buddhist)pagoda,stupa
  3. (Christianity)steeple,spire
  4. turret(of a castle or fortification)

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
あららぎ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

First appears in theEngishiki compilation of laws created in the early 900s, spelled phonetically in kanji as阿良良伎.[1] Spelled as,araragi literally means “wild onion” and refers to the wildrocambole, possiblyhardneck garlic, notable for its tall green stalk sticking straight up. Used as aeuphemism for (tafu at the time),[1][2] as that word's Buddhist connotations were viewed astaboo in contexts having to do with the religious center ofItsuki no Miya (斎宮, also known asSaikū).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [a̠ɾa̠ɾa̠ɡʲi]

Noun

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(あららぎ) (araragi

  1. (obsolete, euphemistic)tower
Derived terms
[edit]

Proper noun

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(あららぎ) (Araragi

  1. (tarot) TheTower, the sixteenthtrump ormajor arcanacard in most traditional Tarot decks
  2. Short for塔舞(Araragimai): the title of a piece ofbugaku Japanese court dance

Related terms

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References

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  1. 1.01.11.2”, in日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2006
  2. 2.02.1Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun(tap tap))

  1. hanja form? of(tower)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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:Hán Việt readings:tháp[1][2][3][4][5],đáp[3]
:Nôm readings:tháp[1][2],thạp[2],thóp[2],đắp[1]

  1. chữ Hán form oftháp(tower).
  2. chữ Nôm form ofđắp(to cover).

References

[edit]
  1. 1.01.11.2Nguyễn (2014).
  2. 2.02.12.22.3Trần (2004).
  3. 3.03.1Trần (1999).
  4. ^Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ^Thiều Chửu (1942).
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