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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
U+57A3,垣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A3

[U+57A2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+57A4]

Translingual

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Han character

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Stroke order
9 strokes

(Kangxi radical 32,+6, 9 strokes,cangjie input土一日一 (GMAM),four-corner41116,composition)

  1. lowwall

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 228, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5060
  • Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 437, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+57A3

Chinese

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simp. andtrad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Warring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptionsSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the samephonetic series ()(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*qʰrolʔ, *qʰonʔ
*qʰoːn, *ɡoːn, *qʰon
*ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ
*ɡoːn
*ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ
*ɡoːn
*sqʰon
*qʰonʔ
*qʰonʔ
*ɡʷaːn
*ɡʷaːn, *ɢʷan
*sqʰʷan
*sqʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ
*sqʰʷan
*sqʰʷans
*qʰʷan
*qʰʷan
*qʰʷan
*qʰʷan
*qʰʷan
*qʰʷan
*ɢʷan
*qʰʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ɢʷan): semantic (earth) + phonetic (xuān).

Etymology

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Borrowed fromTocharian Bwänt-,Tocharian Awänt-(to envelop, to surround).[1]

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (35)
Final () (66)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division ()III
Fanqie
Baxterhjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦuan/
Li
Rong
/ɣiuɐn/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭwɐn/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/i̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yuán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyun4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yuán
Middle
Chinese
‹ hjwon ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ʷar/
Englishwall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.14017
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷan/

Definitions

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  1. wall
  2. city
  3. (astronomy)enclosure

Compounds

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References

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  1. ^Alexander Lubotsky (1998), “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, inThe Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages379-390
  • ”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆[Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “”, in莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page294.

Japanese

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Kanji

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See also:

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
かき
Grade: S
kun'yomi

FromOld Japanese(kaki₁), fromProto-Japonic*kaki.

Pronunciation

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  • Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).

Noun

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(かき) (kaki

  1. [from 712] afence (wooden object to separate boundaries)
  2. (by extension from the "fence" meaning) animpediment to an action; anobstacle; abarrier; a fence
  3. acorridor; also a sliding screen to separate such
  4. [from 1663](hapax legomenon)synonym of垣立(kakitatsu,a fence shaped like a railing that forms the upper part of a Japanese ship)
  5. a家紋(kamon,family crest) with various fences
Derived terms
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Derived terms

References

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  1. ^Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Dai-ni-han Henshū I'inkai (日本国語大辞典第二版編集委員会) (2001-2002),日本国語大辞典 第二版 [Unabridged Japanese Dictionary: Second Edition],Tokyo (東京都):Shōgakukan (小学館),→ISBN
  2. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

Vietnamese

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Han character

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:Hán Nôm readings:viên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.
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