Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WiktionaryThe Free Dictionary
Search

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
U+5730,地
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5730

[U+572F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5731]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 32,+3, 6 strokes,cangjie input土心木 (GPD),four-corner44112,composition)

Derived characters

[edit]
Additional Derived Characters

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 224, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 456, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 420, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5730

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp.#
alternative forms

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Western ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptionsBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptShizhoupian scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the samephonetic series ()(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*l̥ʰaːl
*l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːls
*l'aːl
*l'aːl, *l'al
*ljalʔ
*ɦljaːl, *hljal, *hljals
*ɦljal, *laːlʔ, *lal
*laːlʔ
*hleːl
*l'eːls
*l̥ʰalʔ, *l'alʔ, *lal
*l̥ʰalʔ, *lalʔ
*l'al
*l'alʔ, *hljalʔ
*hljal, *hljals
*hljal
*hljal
*hljalʔ
*lal
*lel, *lalʔ
*lel
*lal, *lalʔ
*lal, *lalʔ
*lal, *lalʔ
*lalʔ
*lalʔ
*lalʔ
*lals, *ɦljels, *lels
*l'els

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*l'els): semantic (earth) + phonetic (OC*laːlʔ).

Etymology 1

[edit]

CompareTibetanགཞི(gzhi,ground),Burmeseမ္လိယ်(ma.liy) (whenceBurmeseမြေ(mre,earth; ground)) (Hill, 2019).

Thisetymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Schuessler 2007

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: deng6 - usually written as.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • tōe - vernacular;
    • tē - literary.
  • Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
    • tē/tōe/tǒe/tēre - literary.
  • Other readings:
    • tī - vernacular (may be considered literary, only used in土地公).

  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
MandarinBeijing/ti⁵¹/
Harbin/ti⁵³/
Tianjin/ti⁵³/
Jinan/ti²¹/
Qingdao/ti⁴²/
Zhengzhou/ti³¹²/
Xi'an/ti⁴⁴/
Xining/t͡sz̩²¹³/
Yinchuan/ti¹³/
Lanzhou/ti¹³/
Ürümqi/ti²¹³/
Wuhan/ti³⁵/
Chengdu/ti¹³/
Guiyang/ti²¹³/
Kunming/ti²¹²/
Nanjing/ti⁴⁴/
Hefei/t͡sz̩⁵³/
JinTaiyuan/ti⁴⁵/
Pingyao/ti³⁵/
Hohhot/ti⁵⁵/
WuShanghai/di²³/
Suzhou/di³¹/
Hangzhou/di¹³/
Wenzhou/dei²²/
HuiShexian/tʰi²²/
Tunxi/tʰi¹¹/
XiangChangsha/ti⁵⁵/
/ti¹¹/
Xiangtan/di²¹/
GanNanchang/tʰi²¹/
HakkaMeixian/tʰi⁵³/
Taoyuan/tʰi⁵⁵/
CantoneseGuangzhou/tei²²/
Nanning/ti²²/
Hong Kong/tei²²/
MinXiamen (Hokkien)/ti²²/
/te²²/~理
/tue²²/土~
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)/tɛi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)/ti⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew)/ti³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese)/ʔdi³⁵/
/ʔdi³³/
/ʔdi²³/

Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (7)
Final () (15)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()III
Fanqie
BaxterdijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/diɪH/
Pan
Wuyun
/diH/
Shao
Rongfen
/djɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/diH/
Li
Rong
/diH/
Wang
Li
/diH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/dʱiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dei6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ dijH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[l]ˁej-s/
Englishearth, ground

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.14808
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l'els/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. earth
      ― tiān  ―  heaven andearth
  2. ground;floor
    水泥  ― shuǐní  ―  concretefloor
    [MSC,trad.]
    [MSC,simp.]
    Zhè pǐ mǎ dǎo zàishang.[Pinyin]
    The horse collapsed to theground.
    銀包[Cantonese,trad.]
    银包[Cantonese,simp.]
    ngan4 baau1 dit3 zo2 lok6dei6.[Jyutping]
    The wallet fell on theground.
    [Cantonese]  ― paa1 hai2dei6-2[Jyutping]  ―  to lie on the floor on one's stomach
  3. land;field(Classifier:mc; c; c)
      ―   ―  lowland
    [Cantonese]  ― nei1 faai3dei6[Jyutping]  ―  this plot ofland
  4. distance;separation
    車站[MSC,trad.]
    车站[MSC,simp.]
    Chēzhàn lí zhè sān lǐ.[Pinyin]
    The bus stop is three miles away.
  5. farmland;field(Classifier:mc; c)
    田間田间  ― tiánjiāntóu  ―  farmland
    幹活干活  ― xià gànhuó  ―  to farm
  6. (only in compounds)area;region
      ― běn  ―  local
    殖民  ― zhímín  ―  colony
  7. place;locality
      ― chǔ  ―  located in
    目的  ― mùde  ―  destination
    分居分居  ― fēnjū liǎng  ―  to live apart in two different places
  8. status;situation;position
    不敗之不败之  ― bùbàizhī  ―  invincible position
    設身處设身处  ― shèshēnchǔ  ―  put oneself in somebody else’s position
  9. (only in compounds)state ofmind
      ― xīn  ―  mind
      ― jiàn  ―  perspective, opinion
  10. place;room;space
      ― Jiā lǐ méir le.  ―  There is noroom in my home (for that).
  11. background (behind a text or figure)
    黑字  ― báihēizì  ―  black characters on a white background
  12. (electronics)GND
      ―   ―  floatingground
  13. (only in compounds)Short for地球 (Dìqiú, “Earth”).
    距離距离  ―  rì jùlí  ― Earth–Sun distance
    行星行星  ― lèi xíngxīng  ―  terrestrial planet
  14. (chiefly Hakka)grave;tomb
      ―  zhàn  ― Gedi station ( means "frog-shapedtomb")
  15. (Mainland China)Short for地區地区 (dìqū, “prefecture”).
    級市级市  ― jíshì  ― prefecture-level city
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of地板 (“floor”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)地板,地面
Northeastern MandarinBeijing地板,地面兒
Taiwan地板
Chifeng地板
Hulunbuir(Hailar)地板
Harbin地板
Shenyang地板
Singapore
Jilu MandarinTianjin地板
Tangshan地板
Cangzhou地板
Baoding地板
Shijiazhuang地板
Jinan地板
Jiaoliao MandarinQingdao地板
Central Plains MandarinZhengzhou地板
Xi'an地板,腳地
Xining地板
Xuzhou地板
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan地板
Lanzhou地板
Ürümqi地板
Southwestern MandarinChengdu地板
Chongqing地板,樓板
Wuhan地板
Guiyang地板
Kunming地板
Guilin地板
Liuzhou地板
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing地板
Yangzhou地板
Nantong地板
Hefei地板
CantoneseGuangzhou地下,
Hong Kong地下,
Singapore(Guangfu)
HakkaMeixian地泥
Miaoli(N. Sixian)地泥
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)地泥
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)地泥
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)地泥
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)地泥
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)泥下
HuizhouShexian地板
JinTaiyuan地板
Xinzhou地板,
Linhe地板
Jining地板
Hohhot地板
Zhangjiakou地板
Handan地板
Southern MinXiamen塗跤
Quanzhou塗跤
Jinjiang塗跤
Zhangzhou塗跤
Tainan塗跤
Penang(Hokkien)塗跤
Singapore(Hokkien)塗跤
Manila(Hokkien)塗跤
Medan(Hokkien)塗跤
Chaozhou塗下
Jieyang塗下,塗跤下
Haifeng塗跤
Singapore(Teochew)塗下
Zhongshan MinZhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)地下
Dialectal synonyms of (“grave”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)墳墓,
Northeastern MandarinBeijing
Harbin
Singapore,墳墓
Jilu MandarinJinan
Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)
Central Plains MandarinLuoyang,墳地,塋地,墳墓
Wanrong,
Xi'an,
Xuzhou墳墓,
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan墳塋
Ürümqi
Southwestern MandarinChengdu,墳墓
Chongqing,墳墓
Wuhan
Guiyang,墳墓 large
Guilin
Liuzhou,
Dagudi(Maliba)墳堆
Reshuitang(Longling)墳堆
Mae Salong(Lancang)墳堆
Mae Sai(Tengchong)
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing
Yangzhou,墳攤,墳攤堆子
Hefei墳堰
MandarinFuzhou(Qinjiang, Changle)
CantoneseGuangzhou山墳,,
Hong Kong山墳,,,墳墓,
Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)墳頭
Hong Kong(Ting Kok)墳頭
Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)墳頭
Macau墳墓
Taishan(Guanghai)墳墓
Dongguan
Yangjiang,墳山
Maoming(Xinpo)墳山
Nanning墳山
Wuzhou墳山
Yulin墳山
Hepu(Lianzhou)墳山,
Hepu(Shatian)
Beihai,
Beihai(Nankang)
Beihai(Yingpan),墳山
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)墳墓,墳頭,墳山
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà)墳墓,墳山
Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)墳墓
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)山墳,義山
Singapore(Guangfu)墳墓
Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)山墳
Móng Cái墳墓
Mandalay(Taishan)墳山,墳墓
GanNanchang
Lichuan,墳塋 large
Jianning
Taining
HakkaMeixian,
Xingning泥壠 first burial, second burial
Huidong(Daling)
Dongguan(Qingxi)墳頭
Wuhua(Huacheng),地墳
Heyuan(Bendihua)
Wengyuan地墳
Shaoguan(Qujiang)
Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang) second burial
Liannan
Jiexi
Zhao'an(Xiuzhuan)
Pinghe(Jiufeng)
Changting
Shanghang
Longyan(Yongding)
Wuping
Wuping(Yanqian),死佬
Wuping(Pingyu)
Liancheng
Ninghua
Qingliu
Yudu
Ruijin,風水
Shicheng
Shangyou(Shexi)
Tonggu(Sandu),
Ganzhou(Panlong)
Dayu
Miaoli(N. Sixian)風水
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)風水
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)風水
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)風水
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)風水
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an),風水
Hong Kong墳頭
Yangxi(Tangkou)
Yangchun(Sanjia),山頭
Xinyi(Sihe)山地
Xinyi(Qianpai)墳山
Gaozhou(Xindong)墳地
Maoming(Shalang, Dianbai)墳山
Huazhou(Xin'an)墳地
Lianjiang(Shijiao),墳地
Lianjiang(Qingping), without a body buried
Mengshan(Xihe)墳地
Luchuan
Senai(Huiyang),風水,義山
Senai(Hepo)墳墓, dated
Singkawang,地門堂
Pontianak(Meixian)
JinTaiyuan,
Northern MinJian'ou
Jian'ou(Dikou)
Songxi
Zhenghe
Zhenghe(Zhenqian)
Jianyang
Wuyishan
Pucheng(Shibei)
Eastern MinFuzhou
Fuzhou(Changle)
Lianjiang
Fuqing
Pingtan
Yongtai
Minqing
Gutian,
Pingnan
Luoyuan
Fu'an
Ningde
Xiapu
Zherong
Shouning
Zhouning
Fuding
Southern MinXiamen,墓仔,風水
Xiamen(Tong'an)
Quanzhou,風水
Jinjiang
Nan'an
Shishi
Hui'an
Anxi
Yongchun
Dehua
Zhangzhou,墓仔,風水
Zhangzhou(Longhai)
Zhangzhou(Changtai)
Hua'an
Nanjing
Pinghe墓仔
Zhangpu
Yunxiao
Zhao'an
Dongshan
Tainan,風水
Kinmen
Penang(Hokkien)
Singapore(Hokkien),墓地,公司山 dated
Manila(Hokkien),風水
Longyan
Zhangping
Datian
Chaozhou,風水
Lufeng風水
Haifeng風水
Bangkok(Teochew),義山
Chiang Mai(Teochew)
Hat Yai(Teochew)
Johor Bahru(Teochew),義山
Singapore(Teochew)
Leizhou
Haikou
Puxian MinPutian
Xianyou
Central MinYong'an
Sanming(Sanyuan)
Sanming(Shaxian)
Shaojiang MinShaowu
Guangze
Jiangle
Mingxi
Shunchang,
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi)墳墓,
ShehuaFu'an
Fuding
Luoyuan
Sanming
Shunchang
Hua'an
Guixi(Zhangping)
Cangnan
Jingning(Hexi)
Lishui
Longyou
Chaozhou
Fengshun
WuShanghai,墳墓,
Shanghai(Chongming)
Suzhou
Danyang墳墓
Hangzhou
Ningbo,
Wenzhou
Yiwu墳頭
Pucheng
XiangChangsha
Loudi,
Shuangfeng,
Xiangnan TuhuaJiangyong

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():

Others:

Etymology 2

[edit]

Possibly the same word as, the possessive marker (Wang, 1958), but scholars likeLü (1943) andYuan et al. (1996) are hesitant about this etymology.

Alternatively,Ōta (2003) proposes that it is a grammaticalization of etymology 1. The construction ADJ + would have semantically developed as follows: "a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ manner".

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: di is used in poetry, songs.
Note:
  • dei6 - literary;
  • dei6-2 - vernacular, only used after reduplicated words.

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (chiefly Mandarin)Particle indicating the preceding word is used as an adverb.
    alt. forms:,obsolete
      ― hěn kuàide  ―  very quickly
    一個模樣孩子我們蹣跚走來[MSC,trad.]
    一个模样孩子我们蹒跚走来[MSC,simp.]
    Yīge yī suì móyàng de háizi xiàng wǒmen pánshānde zǒulái.[Pinyin]
    A roughly one-year-old child came staggering towards us.
    偷偷[Cantonese,trad. andsimp.]
    keoi5 tau1 tau1dei6-2 zau2 zo2 laa3.[Jyutping]
    He secretly left.
    靜靜喺度[Cantonese,trad.]
    静静喺度[Cantonese,simp.]
    nei5 zing6 zing6-2dei6-2 co5 hai2 dou6 laa3 haa2.[Jyutping]
    Sit here quietly, OK?
Synonyms
[edit]
Usage notes
[edit]
  • The use of this particle is always optional after polysyllabic adverbs.
    非常  ― fēicháng duǎn  ―  very short
    非常  ― fēichángde duǎn  ―  very short
  • On the contrary, monosyllabic adverbs are compulsorily used with or without.
    漂亮  ― hěn piàoliang  ―  very beautiful (where *很地漂亮 is unacceptable)
    不見不见  ― shūde bùjiàn  ―  to disappear suddenly (where *倏不見 is unacceptable in Modern Standard Chinese)
  • However, there is an exception:
    回頭回头  ― měng huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly
    回頭回头  ― měngde huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 2?”)

trad.
simp.#
alternative forms

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (Cantonese)Placed after a reduplicated adjective or stative verb to lessen its intensity.
    [Cantonese]  ― hung4 hung4-2dei6-2[Jyutping]  ― kind of red
    [Cantonese]  ― bok6 bok6-2dei6-2[Jyutping]  ― kind of thin
    [Cantonese]  ― geng1 geng1dei6-2[Jyutping]  ―  to bekind of scared
    [Cantonese]  ― ai2 ai2dei6-2[Jyutping]  ― kind of short
Usage notes
[edit]
  • This suffix is accompanied by a tone change in the reduplicated word, where the second occurrence is changed to the second tone (unless its original tone is the first or second tone), as seen in the examples above.

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]
trad.
simp.#

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (Hokkien, Teochew)Alternative form of /(place)
  2. (Taiwanese Hokkien)Alternative form of /(home)

Etymology 5

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“Cantonese plurality marker”).
(This character is a variant form of).

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
See also:

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. earth;ground

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
on'yomi

FromMiddle Chinese(dijH). Thegoon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modernMandarin.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

() (ji(di)?

  1. earth,dirt
  2. fabric,cloth
    • いくらか(うす)()には(そう)()なくっても(あつ)いには(きま)ってる。
      Ikura ka usuiji ni wa sōi nakutte mo atsui ni wa kimatteru.
      However thin thecloth, flannel is flannel and must have been pretty warm at that time of the year.
  3. (go)territory

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
on'yomi

FromMiddle Chinese(dijH). Thekan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The devoicing of the initial consonant might indicate a dialectal source. Compare modernHakkathi,Min Nan.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

() (chi

  1. earth,land,ground
  2. aplace, aregion, a piece of land
  3. territory,dominion
  4. (of a crate, etc.) thebottom
  5. (printing, of a page) the bottom margin
    Antonym:
    Hypernym:マージン

Suffix

[edit]

() (-chi

  1. place,area

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
つち
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
つち1
[noun]earth,soil,mud
[noun] theground
(This term,, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

[edit]
  1. 1.01.11.2Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese (MC dijH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448띵〮 (Yale:ttí)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]ᄯᅡ〮 (Yale:stá)디〮 (Yale:)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun(ttang ji))

  1. hanja form? of(earth;land;ground)[affix]

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전/電子字典.[4]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

:Hán Việt readings:địa[1][2][3]
:Nôm readings:địa[1][2][3][4],đĩa[1][2],gịa[1],đất[2],rịa[3]

  1. chữ Hán form ofđịa(earth;ground;land).

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1.01.11.21.3Nguyễn (2014).
  2. 2.02.12.22.3Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. 3.03.13.2Trần (2004).
  4. ^Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=地&oldid=83917717"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp