Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

固執

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:固执

Chinese

[edit]

		hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure	execute (a plan); grasp
trad.(固執)		固	執
simp.(固执)		固	执

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin):gùzhi,gùzhí
(Zhuyin):ㄍㄨˋ ˙ㄓ, ㄍㄨˋ ㄓˊ
Cantonese(Jyutping):gu³ zap¹
Hakka(Sixian,PFS):ku-chṳp
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):kò͘-chip
(Teochew,Peng'im):gu³ zib⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese,Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:gùzhi
  - Zhuyin:ㄍㄨˋ ˙ㄓ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:gùjhi̊h
  - Wade–Giles:ku⁴-chih⁵
  - Yale:gù-jr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:guh.jy
  - Palladius:гучжи(gučži)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ku⁵¹ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩¹/
- (Standard Chinese,Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:gùzhí
  - Zhuyin:ㄍㄨˋ ㄓˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:gùjhíh
  - Wade–Giles:ku⁴-chih²
  - Yale:gù-jŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:guhjyr
  - Palladius:гучжи(gučži)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ku⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping:gu³ zap¹
  - Yale:gu jāp
  - Cantonese Pinyin:gu³ dzap⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization:gu³ zeb¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kuː³³ t͡sɐp̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:ku-chṳp
  - Hakka Romanization System:gu ziib^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:gu⁴ zib⁵
  - SinologicalIPA:/ku⁵⁵ t͡sɨp̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kò͘-chip
  - Tâi-lô:kòo-tsip
  - Phofsit Daibuun:korcib
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sip̚³²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sip̚⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sip̚³²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sip̚³²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sip̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:gu³ zib⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:kù tsip
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sip̚²/

Middle Chinese:kuH tsyip

Rime
Character	固	執
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古暮切	之入切
Baxter	kuH	tsyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo^H/	/t͡ɕiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo^H/	/t͡ɕip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ko^H/	/t͡ɕjep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ^H/	/cip̚/
Li Rong	/ko^H/	/t͡ɕiəp̚/
Wang Li	/ku^H/	/t͡ɕĭĕp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuo^H/	/t͡ɕi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gù	zhi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu³	zap¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[k]ˤa-s [t]ip/
(Zhengzhang):/*kaːs tjib/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	固	執
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gù	zhí
Middle Chinese	‹ ku^H ›	‹ tsyip ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁa-s/	/*[t]ip/
English	fortified, secure	seize
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	固	執
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4230	17290
Phonetic component	古	執
Rime group	魚	緝
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	顧	執
Old Chinese	/*kaːs/	/*tjib/
Notes		甲金文象梏人雙手，幸象梏非聲

Adjective

[edit]

固執

stubborn;obstinate

Synonyms

[edit]

edit

乖張 /乖张(guāizhāng)
剺揭(Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
圓櫼 /圆櫼(Zhangzhou Hokkien)
執一癖 /执一癖(Zhangzhou Hokkien)
執性 /执性(Quanzhou Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
執拗 /执拗
執死板 /执死板(Xiamen Hokkien)
執癖 /执癖(Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
執著 /执著(zhízhuó)
執訣 /执诀(Taiwanese Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
悻直(xìngzhí)(literary)
愚躕 /愚蹰(Min Nan)
拘執 /拘执(jūzhí)(literary)
拘泥(jūnì)
確切 /确切(quèqiè)(literary)
耿性(gang² lhen¹)(Taishanese)
蠻皮 /蛮皮(mánpí)
頑固 /顽固(wángù)

Verb

[edit]

固執

tostubbornly stick with; topersist in; tocling to

Derived terms

[edit]

固執己見 /固执己见(gùzhíjǐjiàn)
擇善固執 /择善固执(zéshàngùzhí)

Descendants

[edit]

Sino-Xenic (固執):

→ Japanese:固(こ)執(しゅう)(koshū);固(こ)執(しつ)(koshitsu)
→ Korean:고집(固執)(gojip)
→ Vietnamese:cố chấp(固執)

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji in this term
固	執
こ Grade: 4	しゅう Grade: S
kan'on	on'yomi

Kanji in this term
固	執
こ Grade: 4	しつ Grade: S
kan'on	kan'yōon

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Tokyo)こしゅう[kòshúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ɕɨː]

(Tokyo)こしつ[kòshítsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ɕit͡sɨ]

Noun

[edit]

固(こ)執(しゅう)or固(こ)執(しつ)• (koshūorkoshitsu)

persistence

Verb

[edit]

固(こ)執(しゅう)するor固(こ)執(しつ)する• (koshū suruorkoshitsu suru) intransitive suru (stem固(こ)執(しゅう)し(koshūshi),past固(こ)執(しゅう)した(koshūshita))

topersist in one's view, tostick orcling to one'sbelief, toinsist on doing

Conjugation

[edit]

^{The templateTemplate:ja-suru does not use the parameter(s):3=koshitsu
Please seeModule:checkparams for help with this warning.}

Conjugation of "固執する" (SeeAppendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	固執し	こしつし	koshitsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	固執し	こしつし	koshitsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	固執する	こしつする	koshitsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	固執する	こしつする	koshitsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	固執すれ	こしつすれ	koshitsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	固執せよ¹ 固執しろ²	こしつせよ¹ こしつしろ²	koshitsu seyo¹ koshitsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	固執される	こしつされる	koshitsu sareru
Causative	固執させる固執さす	こしつさせるこしつさす	koshitsu saseru koshitsu sasu
Potential	固執できる	こしつできる	koshitsu dekiru
Volitional	固執しよう	こしつしよう	koshitsu shiyō
Negative	固執しない	こしつしない	koshitsu shinai
Negative continuative	固執せず	こしつせず	koshitsu sezu
Formal	固執します	こしつします	koshitsu shimasu
Perfective	固執した	こしつした	koshitsu shita
Conjunctive	固執して	こしつして	koshitsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	固執すれば	こしつすれば	koshitsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative