哉 (Kangxi radical 30,口+6, 9 strokes,cangjie input十戈口 (JIR),four-corner4365₀,composition⿹𢦏口)

• 渽, 睵, 賳

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 189, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3596
• Dae Jaweon: page 408, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 611, character 7
• Unihan data for U+54C9

Historical forms of the character哉
Spring and Autumn	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptions	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ʔslɯː): semantic 口 + phonetic 𢦏(OC*ʔslɯː).

哉

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)grammatical particle indicatingemphasis
   1. sentence-medial particle indicatinginvertedconstruction for the emphasis of thepredicate

      大哉斯言！[Classical Chinese]  ― Dàzāi sī yán![Pinyin]  ―  How great, these words!

      • 子路曰：「有是哉，子之迂也！奚其正？」子曰：「野哉由也！君子於其所不知，蓋闕如也。」[Classical Chinese,trad.]
        子路曰：「有是哉，子之迂也！奚其正？」子曰：「野哉由也！君子于其所不知，盖阙如也。」[Classical Chinese,simp.]

        From: TheAnalects of Confucius,c. 475 – 221BCE, translated based onJames Legge's version

        Zǐlù yuē: “Yǒu shìzāi, zǐ zhī yū yě! Xī qí zhèng?” Zǐyuē: “Yězāi Yóu yě! Jūnzǐ yú qí suǒbùzhī, gài quèrú yě.”[Pinyin]

        "So! indeed!" said Zilu, "You are wide of the mark! Why must there be such rectification?" The Master said, "How uncultivated you are, Zhongyou! A superior man, in regard to what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve."

   2. sentence-final particle indicatingexclamation, emphasis, or strongintention

      • 子曰：「默而識之，學而不厭，誨人不倦，何有於我哉？」[Classical Chinese,trad.]
        子曰：「默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉？」[Classical Chinese,simp.]

        From: TheAnalects of Confucius,c. 475 – 221BCE, translated based onJames Legge's version

        Zǐyuē: “Mò ér zhìzhī, xué ér bùyàn, huìrén bùjuàn, hé yǒuyúwǒzāi?”[Pinyin]

        The Master said, "The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied - which one of these things belongs to me?"

      • 欽念哉！欽念哉！[Classical Chinese,trad.]
        钦念哉！钦念哉！[Classical Chinese,simp.]

        From: TheRecords of the Grand Historian, bySima Qian,c. 91BCE

        Qīn niànzāi! Qīn niànzāi![Pinyin]

        Be reverent and remember this!

2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)begin,commence

   惟三月哉生魄，周公初基作新大邑于東國洛。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
   惟三月哉生魄，周公初基作新大邑于东国洛。[Classical Chinese,simp.]

   From: TheBook of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd centuryBCE

   Wéi sānyuèzāi shēngpò, Zhōugōng chū jī zuò xīndàyì yú dōngguó luò.[Pinyin]

   On the third month, when the moon began to wane, the duke of Zhou commenced the foundations, and proceeded to build the new great city of Lo, of the eastern states.

• 兮 (xī)

According toQian (2010), in contemporaryUrban Shanghainese, it has become了 through lenition (/zəʔ/ >/ləʔ/). Full lenition chain哉 (MC tsoj) >Suzhounese/t͡se/ >Suburban Shanghainese/tæʔ/, whileOld urban Shanghainese/ze//zəʔ/ >Contemporary urban Shanghainese/ləʔ/.

哉(Wu)

1. (Northern Wu)Sentence-final TAM particle
   • 1892,韓邦慶 [Han Bangqing],海上花列傳:

     打勿得哉！[Suzhounese,trad. andsimp.]

     ³tan⁷feq-teq₇-tse₀[Wugniu]

     Do not fight!

   • 1993, Li Rong,蘇州方言詞典:

     大家來吧，吃飯哉！[Suzhounese,trad.]
     大家来吧，吃饭哉！[Suzhounese,simp.]

     ⁶da-ka₁²le-ba₀⁷chiq-ve₆⁰tse[Wugniu]

     Everyone come over, let's eat!

   大煠蟹來垃哉！[Northern Wu,trad.]
   大煠蟹来垃哉！[Northern Wu,simp.]

   ⁶du-zaq₈-ha₃²lae-a₀-taeq₀[Wugniu]

   Shanghai hairy crab is coming!

• Unlike Standard Chinese, Northern Wu languages can mark for some tenses, like many European languages. This term, therefore, cannot be accurately translated into Standard Chinese. In contemporaryShanghainese,了 is more common.

哉

1. (Hokkien)only used in佳哉

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

• Go-on:さい(sai)、せ(se)
• Kan-on:さい(sai)
• Kun:かな(kana,哉)、や(ya,哉)、か(ka,哉)
• Nanori:えい(ei)、き(ki)、すけ(suke)、ちか(chika)、とし(toshi)、はじめ(hajime)

FromMiddle Chinese哉 (MC tsoj).

哉(さい)• (sai) 

1. expression ofexclamation orexcitement

• 快(かい)哉(さい)(kaisai)
• 善(ぜん)哉(ざい)(zenzai)

• “^▲哉”, in漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese),The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation,2015–2025

哉 (eum재(jae))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

哉:Hán Nôm readings:tai,tơi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

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