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呂 (Kangxi radical 30,口+4, 7 strokes,cangjie input口竹口 (RHR),four-corner60600,composition⿳口丿口)
| trad. | 呂 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 吕* | |
| alternative forms | 膂spine 膐spine | |
Ji Xusheng (2014): Pictogram (象形): two blocks of metal. Original form of鋁 (“ingot”). Later incorporated into金 (“metal”) as a semantic component.
Shuowen interprets it as a pictogram of twovertebrae. However, the two blocks were originally disconnected, and the connecting line was only added in the seal script.
Later phonetically borrowed as an instance of jiajie (假借) to represent膂 (OC*ɡ·raʔ, “spine”) and呂 (OC*ɡ·raʔ, “music notes”). The character was later also borrowed and stylized for予 (OC*la, *laʔ, “I; give”).
FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*g-ra-t(“bone”) (STEDT).
| Variety | Location | 呂 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ly²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /ly²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /luei¹³/ /ly¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /ly⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /ly⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ly⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /ly⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /l̩ʷ⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ly⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ly⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ly⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /y⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /ny⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /ni⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /luei⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /ly²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /zz̩ʷ²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ly⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /luei⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ly⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ly²³/ |
| Suzhou | /li³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /lz̩ʷ⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /løy³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ly³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /li³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lei⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /nəi⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /li²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /li⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /li²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /løy²³/ |
| Nanning | /ly²⁴/ | |
| Hong Kong | /løy¹³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lu⁵³/ /lu²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ly³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ly²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /lɯ³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /li³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 呂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力舉切 |
| Baxter | ljoX |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨʌX/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɔX/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /liɔX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɨə̆X/ |
| Li Rong | /liɔX/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭoX/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯woX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lǚ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | leoi5 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 呂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lǚ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljoX › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]aʔ/ |
| English | spine; pitch-pipe |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 呂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8579 |
| Phonetic component | 呂 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 吕 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象鑄青銅器用的鋌塊， 中不連，非膂初文 |
呂
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 呂 |
| せぼね Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of呂 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term,呂, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 呂 |
| りょ Grade: S |
| kan'on |
FromMiddle Chinese呂 (MC ljoX).
{{rfdef}}.{{rfdef}}.呂:Hán Việt readings:lã[1][2][3],lữ[2][4][5][6][7]
呂:Nôm readings:lả[1][2][3][4][5][6][7],lỡ[1][2][3][4][5][6][7],trả[1][2][3][4][5][6][7],lã[1][2][4][5][6][7],lữa[1][2][3][6][7],trở[1][2][5][6][7],rả[2][3][4][6],rứa[2][3][4][6],lở[1][2][6],rỡ[1][6][7],lạ[1][2],rã[1][6],rữa[1][7],lửa[1],lớ[2],lử[3],lứa[6],rứ[6],rử[6],lọ[7]