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吟 (Kangxi radical 30,口+4, 7 strokes,cangjie input口人戈弓 (ROIN),four-corner68027,composition⿰口今)
| trad. | 吟 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp.# | 吟 | |
| alternative forms | 唫 訡 噖 䪩 㕂 | |
| Historical forms of the character吟 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
| 嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
| 僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
| 酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
| 馠 | *qʰɯːm |
| 谽 | *qʰɯːm |
| 唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
| 含 | *ɡɯːm |
| 肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 筨 | *ɡɯːm |
| 梒 | *ɡɯːm |
| 鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
| 莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
| 琀 | *ɡɯːms |
| 浛 | *ɡɯːms |
| 盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
| 韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
| 玪 | *krɯːm |
| 妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
| 欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
| 黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 鈐 | *ɡram |
| 鳹 | *ɡram |
| 雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 念 | *nɯːms |
| 梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
| 枔 | *sɢrɯm |
| 岑 | *sɡrɯm |
| 笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
| 涔 | *sɡrɯm |
| 侺 | *ɡjɯms |
| 今 | *krɯm |
| 黅 | *krɯm |
| 衿 | *krɯm |
| 衾 | *kʰrɯm |
| 坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 搇 | *kʰrɯms |
| 琴 | *ɡrɯm |
| 禽 | *ɡrɯm |
| 芩 | *ɡrɯm |
| 庈 | *ɡrɯm |
| 耹 | *ɡrɯm |
| 靲 | *ɡrɯm |
| 擒 | *ɡrɯm |
| 檎 | *ɡrɯm |
| 紟 | *ɡrɯms |
| 吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
| 訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
| 陰 | *qrɯm |
| 霠 | |
| 飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
| 蔭 | *qrɯms |
| 廕 | *qrɯms |
| 矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms): semantic 口 + phonetic 今(OC*krɯm).
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 吟 | 吟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 魚金切 | 宜禁切 |
| Baxter | ngim | ngimH |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠiɪm/ | /ŋˠiɪmH/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚim/ | /ŋᵚimH/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiem/ | /ŋiemH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋjim/ | /ŋjimH/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋjəm/ | /ŋjəmH/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭĕm/ | /ŋĭĕmH/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯əm/ | /ŋi̯əmH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yín | yìn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngam4 | ngam6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 吟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngim › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/ |
| English | chant, intone |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 吟 | 吟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6618 | 6620 |
| Phonetic component | 今 | 今 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 吟 | 吟 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋɡrɯm/ | /*ŋɡrɯms/ |
吟
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
吟• (eum) (hangeul음,revised eum,McCune–Reischauer ŭm)
{{rfdef}}.吟 (transliteration needed)
吟:Hán Việt readings:ngâm (
吟:Nôm readings:ngẫm[1][2][3][4],ngậm[1][2][3][4],ngâm[1][2][3],cầm[1][2],ngắm[1][3],gầm[1][3],gặm[3][4],gẫm[3][4],ngăm[3][4],ngăn[3][4],câm[1],căm[1],cằm[1],ngầm[1],ngẩm[3],ngợm[3]