Stroke order

史 (Kangxi radical 30,口+2, 5 strokes,cangjie input中大 (LK),four-corner5000₆,composition⿻口乂)

• 㳏,鉂,駛(驶),吏

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 173, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3249
• Dae Jaweon: page 384, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 571, character 2
• Unihan data for U+53F2

Historical forms of the character史
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) –又 (OC*ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to中 (OC*tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant吏 used in使 to mean "ambassador"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.

The whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means "history". Compare事.

"to send, to employ, to cause"

Causative derivation of理 (OC rəʔ) "envoy (Zuo)" , "jail-official" (Guanzi), "marriage go-between", which is perhaps the same word as理 (OC rəʔ) "to administer"(Schuessler 2007); the sense "scribe, historian" is derived from this.

"scribe, historian"

Possibly fromAustroasiatic;Schuessler (2007) compared理 (OC*rɯʔ),吏 (OC*rɯs, “official”),史 (OC*srɯʔ, “scribe, historian”), and使 (OC*srɯʔ, *srɯs, “ambassador”) toOld Khmerre(“to move, change position”) & its derivativesOld Khmerpre(“to send, order, assign, appoint, delegate, use, employ, make”), in turn related topaṃre(“to serve; service, duty; servant, delegate, representative, minister”); with Sino-Tibetan causative *s- corresponding to Khmer causative *p-.

Alternatively,Unger (1990) andStarostin & Peiros (1996) derived史 (OC*srɯʔ) "scribe, secretary" from理 (OC*rɯʔ) "to mark, to draw lines", which, while cognate withTibetanའབྲི('bri,“to write, to draw”), apparently never meant "to write, to record".

史

1. history

   歐洲史／欧洲史  ― Ōuzhōushǐ  ―  European history

   近代史  ― jìndàishǐ  ―  modernhistory

   史無前例／史无前例  ― shǐwúqiánlì  ―  unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)

2. (historical)courthistorian;scribe

   • 動則左史書之，言則右史書之。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     动则左史书之，言则右史书之。[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From: TheBook of Rites,c. 4^th – 2^nd centuryBCE

     Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.[Pinyin]

     His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.

   • 董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From:Commentary of Zuo,c. 4^th centuryBCE

     Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.[Pinyin]

     Dong Hu was a goodhistoriographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.

3. historicalrecord;book recordinghistory

   正史  ― zhèngshǐ  ―  official historical records

   《二十四史》  ― “èrshísìshǐ”  ― Twenty-Four Histories

4. asurname

   史可法  ― Shǐ Kěfǎ  ― Shi Kefa

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. record,recording
2. history

• Go-on:し(shi,Jōyō)
• Kan-on:し(shi,Jōyō)
• On:じ(ji)
• Kun:ふひと(fuhito,史)、ふびと(fubito,史)、ふみ(fumi,史)、さかん(sakan)
• Nanori:ひろし(hiroshi)

• (Tokyo)ひろし[híꜜròshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [çiɾo̞ɕi]

史(ひろし)• (Hiroshi) 

1. a malegiven name

• “^△史”, in漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese),The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation,2015–2025

FromMiddle Chinese史 (MC sriX).

• (SK Standard/Seoul)IPA^(key):[sʰa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul:[사(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

史

史 (eumhun사기(史記)사(sagi sa))

1. hanja form^? of사(“history”)[noun, suffix]

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[3]

史:Hán Nôm readings:sử

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

• CJK Unified Ideographs block
• Han script characters
• Translingual lemmas
• Translingual symbols
• Han pictograms
• Chinese terms derived from Austroasiatic languages
• Chinese lemmas
• Mandarin lemmas
• Dungan lemmas
• Cantonese lemmas
• Taishanese lemmas
• Gan lemmas
• Hakka lemmas
• Jin lemmas
• Northern Min lemmas
• Eastern Min lemmas
• Hokkien lemmas
• Teochew lemmas
• Puxian Min lemmas
• Wu lemmas
• Xiang lemmas
• Middle Chinese lemmas
• Old Chinese lemmas
• Chinese hanzi
• Mandarin hanzi
• Dungan hanzi
• Cantonese hanzi
• Taishanese hanzi
• Gan hanzi
• Hakka hanzi
• Jin hanzi
• Northern Min hanzi
• Eastern Min hanzi
• Hokkien hanzi
• Teochew hanzi
• Puxian Min hanzi
• Wu hanzi
• Xiang hanzi
• Middle Chinese hanzi
• Old Chinese hanzi
• Chinese nouns
• Mandarin nouns
• Dungan nouns
• Cantonese nouns
• Taishanese nouns
• Gan nouns
• Hakka nouns
• Jin nouns
• Northern Min nouns
• Eastern Min nouns
• Hokkien nouns
• Teochew nouns
• Puxian Min nouns
• Wu nouns
• Xiang nouns
• Middle Chinese nouns
• Old Chinese nouns
• Chinese proper nouns
• Mandarin proper nouns
• Dungan proper nouns
• Cantonese proper nouns
• Taishanese proper nouns
• Gan proper nouns
• Hakka proper nouns
• Jin proper nouns
• Northern Min proper nouns
• Eastern Min proper nouns
• Hokkien proper nouns
• Teochew proper nouns
• Puxian Min proper nouns
• Wu proper nouns
• Xiang proper nouns
• Middle Chinese proper nouns
• Old Chinese proper nouns
• Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
• Chinese terms spelled with 史
• Mandarin terms with collocations
• Chinese terms with historical senses
• Literary Chinese terms with quotations
• Chinese surnames
• Japanese terms spelled with 史
• Japanese kanji
• Japanese fifth grade kanji
• Japanese kyōiku kanji
• Japanese jōyō kanji
• Japanese kanji with goon reading し
• Japanese kanji with kan'on reading し
• Japanese kanji with on reading じ
• Japanese kanji with kun reading ふひと
• Japanese kanji with kun reading ふびと
• Japanese kanji with kun reading ふみ
• Japanese kanji with kun reading さかん
• Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろし
• Japanese terms spelled with 史 read as ひろし
• Japanese terms read with nanori
• Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
• Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
• Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
• Japanese lemmas
• Japanese proper nouns
• Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
• Japanese terms with 1 kanji
• Japanese single-kanji terms
• Japanese given names
• Japanese male given names
• Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
• Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable
• Korean lemmas
• Korean hanja
• Korean hanja forms
• Vietnamese lemmas
• Vietnamese Han characters

• Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys
• Translingual terms with redundant script codes
• Pages with entries
• Pages with 5 entries
• Translingual terms with non-redundant manual script codes
• Japanese terms with missing yomi
• Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys
• Japanese terms with redundant transliterations
• Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations
• Japanese kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation
• Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys
• Japanese links with redundant wikilinks
• Japanese links with redundant alt parameters
• Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys
• Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks
• Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks
• Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters
• Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings
• Requests for definitions in Vietnamese entries
• Vietnamese terms with redundant sortkeys