Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WiktionaryThe Free Dictionary
Search

南

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
南U+5357,南
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5357
←卖
[U+5356]		CJK Unified Ideographs単 →
[U+5358]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

[edit]

南 (Kangxi radical 24,十+7, 9 strokes,cangjie input十月廿十 (JBTJ),four-corner40227,composition⿵𲓜𢆉)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 157, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2750
  • Dae Jaweon: page 357, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 65, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5357

Chinese

[edit]
simp. andtrad.
南
2nd round simp.𲓜
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character南
ShangWestern ZhouSpring and AutumnWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsBronze inscriptionsBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptQin slip scriptAncient scriptSmall seal script
Characters in the samephonetic series (南)(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
南*nuːm
楠*nuːm
腩*nuːmʔ
湳*nuːmʔ
揇*nuːmʔ
萳*nuːmʔ
罱*ruːmʔ
喃*rnuːm
諵*rnuːm, *rnuːms

Pictogram (象形): a hanging percussion instrument (bell), originally identical to the left side of㱿. Laterphonetically borrowed to represent南 (OC*nuːm, “south”).

Sagart (1988) instead proposes that it is a pictogram (象形) of the front of a house. Archaeological evidence confirms that in antiquity, at least in some regions, houses were built to face south.

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*g-nam(“sky, sun”) (STEDT;Schuessler (2007);Benedict (1972)); the south is traditionally associated with the sun & light, compare陽 (OC*laŋ, “light, sun-lit south-side of a hill”).

If so, cognate withTibetanགནམ(gnam,“sky”),ནམ(nam,“night”),Tshanglangam(“sun, noon, day, sky”),Chepangन्‍याम्(nyam,“sun, sunlight, storm-cloud, weather”).

Alternatively,Sagart (2004) relates this word to Old Chinese *nɨm (revised to *nˤ[ə]m in 2014) "belly, front of the body", further "south" toProto-Sino-Tibetan*s-nam(“rib(s)”), as one term for one body-part often shifts its meaning to another body-part nearby.

If so,南 is cognate with妊 (OC*njɯms, “to carry inside one's belly → to be pregnant”),任 (OC*njɯm, *njɯms, “to carry a burden, especially in front of the body”), also腩 (OC*nuːmʔ, “belly (of an ox)”),Southern Puminõ⁵⁵,Burmeseနံရိုး(nam-rui:,“side of the body, rib”), and thus is a semantic counterpart to北 (OC*pɯːɡ, “north”), which is related to背 (OC*pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs, “back of the body”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • lam5 - Chaozhou, Raoping;
  • nam5 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang;
  • nang5 - Chenghai.
Note:
  • Jinhua:
    • 2noe - vernacular;
    • 2nan - literary.
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation南
MandarinBeijing/nan³⁵/
Harbin/nan²⁴/
Tianjin/nan⁴⁵/
Jinan/nã⁴²/
Qingdao/nã⁴²/
Zhengzhou/nan⁴²/
Xi'an/nã²⁴/
Xining/nã²⁴/
Yinchuan/nan⁵³/
Lanzhou/lɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi/nan⁵¹/
Wuhan/nan²¹³/
Chengdu/nan³¹/
Guiyang/nan²¹/
Kunming/nã̠³¹/
Nanjing/laŋ²⁴/
Hefei/læ̃⁵⁵/
JinTaiyuan/næ̃¹¹/
Pingyao/nɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot/næ̃³¹/
WuShanghai/nø²³/
Suzhou/nø¹³/
Hangzhou/nẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou/nø³¹/
HuiShexian/lɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi/lɔ⁴⁴/
XiangChangsha/lan¹³/
Xiangtan/nan¹²/
GanNanchang/lan⁴⁵/
HakkaMeixian/nam¹¹/
Taoyuan/nɑm¹¹/
CantoneseGuangzhou/nam²¹/
Nanning/nam²¹/
Hong Kong/nam²¹/
MinXiamen (Hokkien)/lam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)/naŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)/naŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew)/nam⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese)/nam³¹/
Rime
Character南
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)泥 (8)
Final (韻)覃 (159)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)I
Fanqie那含切
Baxternom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/nʌm/
Pan
Wuyun		/nəm/
Shao
Rongfen		/nɒm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/nəm/
Li
Rong		/nᴀm/
Wang
Li		/nɒm/
Bernhard
Karlgren		/năm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		nán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		naam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character南
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		nán
Middle
Chinese		‹ nom ›
Old
Chinese		/*nˁ[ə]m/
Englishsouth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character南
Reading #1/1
No.9355
Phonetic
component		南
Rime
group		侵
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		南
Old
Chinese		/*nuːm/

Definitions

[edit]

南

  1. south;southern

Coordinate terms

[edit]

compass points:方位(fāngwèi): [edit]

西北(xīběi)北東北 /东北(dōngběi)
西(xī)東 /东(dōng)
西南(xīnán)南東南 /东南(dōngnán)

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (南):

Others:

  • → Japanese:南(ナン)(nan,“south wind (mahjong tile)”)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

南

  1. only used in南無／南无 (nāmó)

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
See also:
南

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
南
みなみ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
JapaneseWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaja
EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨mi1nami1⟩ → */mʲinamʲɨ/ →/minami/

FromOld Japanese.

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Can weverify(+) this pronunciation?)

Noun

[edit]

南(みなみ)• (minami) 

  1. thesouth(cardinal point)
    • c.762,Shōsōin Man'yōgana Monjo[3]
      和可夜之奈比乃可波利爾波(わがやしなひのかはりには)、於保末之末須(おほまします)、美奈美(みなみ)乃末知奈流(のまちなる)奴(やつこ)乎宇氣與止(をうけよと)...[Man'yōgana]
      我(わ)が養(やしな)ひの代(かは)りには、おほ坐(ま)します、南(みなみ)の街(まち)なる奴(やつこ)を受(う)けよと...[Modern spelling]
      waga yashinai no kawari ni wa, ōmashimasu,minami no machi naru yatsuko o ukeyo to...
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Antonym:北(kita)
  2. asoutherly,south wind
    Synonym:南風(minamikaze, hae)
    Antonym:北(kita)
Coordinate terms
[edit]

compass points:方角(hōgaku): [edit]

北西(hokusei)
西北(seihoku)		北(kita)北東(hokutō)
東北(tōhoku)
西(nishi)東(higashi)
西南(seinan)
南西(nansei)		南(minami)東南(tōnan)
南東(nantō)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun

[edit]

南(みなみ)or南(ミナミ)• (Minami) 

  1. (historical) thered-light district in modern-dayShinagawaWard,Tokyo(as it was locatedsouth ofEdo Castle)
  2. the name of award in variouscities throughout Japan,especially a former ward in the city ofOsaka which is now part ofChūō Ward
  3. a malegiven name
  4. a femalegiven name
  5. asurname

Verb

[edit]

南(みなみ)する• (minamisuru) suru (stem南(みなみ)し(minamishi),past南(みなみ)した(minamishita))

  1. (archaic) togosouth
    • 1789,Seikashū (haikai byTakai Kitō)
      紅楓(もみぢ)深(ふか)し、みなみし西(にし)す、水(みづ)の隅(すみ)
      momiji fukashi,minami shi nishi su, mizu no sumi
      (please add an English translation of this example)
Conjugation
[edit]
Conjugation of "南する" (SeeAppendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")南しみなみしminami shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")南しみなみしminami shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")南するみなみするminami suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")南するみなみするminami suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")南すれみなみすれminami sure
Meireikei ("imperative")南せよ¹
南しろ²		みなみせよ¹
みなみしろ²		minami seyo¹
minami shiro²
Key constructions
Passive南されるみなみされるminami sareru
Causative南させる
南さす		みなみさせる
みなみさす		minami saseru
minami sasu
Potential南できるみなみできるminami dekiru
Volitional南しようみなみしようminami shiyō
Negative南しないみなみしないminami shinai
Negative continuative南せずみなみせずminami sezu
Formal南しますみなみしますminami shimasu
Perfective南したみなみしたminami shita
Conjunctive南してみなみしてminami shite
Hypothetical conditional南すればみなみすればminami sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Classical conjugation of "南す" (サ行変格活用, seeAppendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)南せみなみせminamise
Continuative (連用形)南しみなみしminamisi
Terminal (終止形)南すみなみすminamisu
Attributive (連体形)南するみなみするminamisuru
Realis (已然形)南すれみなみすれminamisure
Imperative (命令形)南せよみなみせよminamiseyo
Key constructions
Negative南せずみなみせずminamisezu
Contrasting conjunction南すれどみなみすれどminamisuredo
Causal conjunction南すればみなみすればminamisureba
Conditional conjunction南せばみなみせばminamiseba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)南しきみなみしきminamisiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)南しけりみなみしけりminamisikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)南しつみなみしつminamisitu
Perfect tense (natural event)南しぬみなみしぬminamisinu
Perfect-continuative tense南せり
南したり		みなみせり
みなみしたり		minamiseri
minamisitari
Volitional南せむみなみせむminamisemu

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
南
みんなみ
Grade: 2
irregular

/minami/ →/minːami/

Appears inThe Pillow Book, completed in 1002.

Alteration ofminami.[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

南(みんなみ)• (minnami) 

  1. (archaic) thesouth

Proper noun

[edit]

南(みんなみ)• (Minnami) 

  1. (historical, archaic) thered-light district in modern-dayShinagawaWard,Tokyo

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
南
なん
Grade: 2
goon

/namʉ/ →/naɴ/

FromMiddle Chinese南 (MC nom).

Noun

[edit]

南(なん)• (nan) 

  1. thesouth
    Synonym:南方(nanpō)
  2. short for南鐐(nanryō):beautifulsilver; a type of silvercoin in theEdo period
Derived terms
[edit]

Affix

[edit]

南(なん)• (nan) 

  1. south,southern
  2. Used inSanskrittransliterations
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun

[edit]

南(なん)• (Nan) 

  1. a femalegiven name
  2. asurname

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
南
なん
Grade: 2
irregular

FromMandarin南(nán).

Noun

[edit]

南(ナン)• (nan) 

  1. (mahjong)south wind (mahjongtile)
    Hypernym:風牌(kazehai, fanpai)
  2. (mahjong) a役(yaku,“winninghand”) with atriplet orquad of south wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2翻(han,“doubles”)
    Hypernym:役牌(yakuhai, yaku-pai)
Coordinate terms
[edit]

Etymology 5

[edit]
Kanji in this term
南
みなん
Grade: 2
irregular

Shift from standardJapaneseminami, dropping the final vowel and keeping the nasal.

  • /minami/ →/minaɴ/

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

南(みなん)• (minan) 

  1. (dialect, Kagoshima)south(cardinal point)

References

[edit]
  1. ↑1.01.1Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
  2. ↑2.02.1NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese),Tokyo:NHK Publishing, Inc.,→ISBN
  3. ^Takeuchi, Rizō (1962),Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese),Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan,→ISBN.

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese南 (MC nom).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448남 (Yale:nàm)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]앏 (Yale:àlp)남 (Yale:nàm)
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576남녁 (Yale:namnyek)
앏 (Yale:alp)		남 (Yale:nam)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

南 (eumhun남녘남(namnyeok nam))

  1. hanja form? of남(“south;southern”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

南 (eumhun나무나(namu na))

  1. hanja form? of나(“Only used in나무 (南無,namu)”)

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[4]

Okinawan

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]
Kanji in this term
南
ふぇー
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Kanji

[edit]
See also:
南

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate toYonaguni南(hai,“south,southerly”) and westernJapanese南風(hae,“southerlywinds”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

南(ふぇー) (fē) 

  1. thesouth(cardinal point)
  2. asoutherly(windblowing from the south)

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Old Japanese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Compound ofみ(mi1,uncertain, possibly “sea” or “water”) +‎な(na,apophonic form of attributive particleの(no2)) +‎見(mi1,the連用形(ren'yōkei,“stem form”) of verb見る(mi1ru), “tolook,see”)?”

Noun

[edit]

南 (mi1nami1) (kanaみなみ)

  1. thesouth(cardinal point)
    • Shosoin document, texthere
      和可夜之奈比乃、可波利爾波、於保末之末須、美奈美乃末知奈流奴乎、宇気与止
      wa ga yasinapi₁ no₂, kapari ni pa, opo masimasumi₁nami₁ no₂ mati naru nu wo, uke₂ yo₂ to₂
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. asoutherly(windblowing from the south)

Usage notes

[edit]

Also used in theMan'yōshū (759CE) as借音(shakuon)kana for⟨na⟩ and借訓(shakkun)kana for⟨namu⟩.

Descendants

[edit]
  • Japanese:南(minami)

Tày

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

南 (nam)

  1. Nôm form ofnam(“south”).

References

[edit]
  • Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor,Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[5] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

南:Hán Việt readings:nam[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
南:Nôm readings:nam[3][5][6][7],năm[1][2],nằm[1][2],nồm[1][2],nom[1],nơm[1],nàm[7]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

南• (nam)

  1. chữ Hán form ofnam(“south,southern”)
    • Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經),12th century, folio 7a
      奴(No)𱍸(ấy)孛(Bụt)侯(hầu)󰝡(đem)大(đại)󰕛(chúng)多(đi)正(chính)南(nam)体(thấy)𠬛(một)棟(đống)昌(xương)枯(khô)
      At that time, the Buddha led the people on a walk to thesouth. Suddenly, they saw a pile of dried bones.
Coordinate terms
[edit]

compass points: [edit]

tây bắc(西北)bắc(北)đông bắc(東北)
tây(西)đông(東)
tây nam(西南)nam(南)đông nam(東南)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

南• (nam)

  1. chữ Nôm form ofnăm(“five”)
    • Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經),12th century, folio 7a
      孛(Bụt)某(mới)礼(lấy)南(năm)体(thể)旦(đến)坦(đất)謝(tạ)礼(lạy)昌(xương)枯(khô)𧘇(ấy)
      The Buddha then brought hisfive limbs to the ground and bowed to the dry bones.

Etymology 3

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

南• (năm)

  1. chữ Nôm form ofnăm(“year”)
    • Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經),12th century, folio 16b
      碎(Tuổi)媄(mẹ)𠬛(một)林(trăm)南(năm)𠬛(một)𦍛(dường)漚(âu)昆(con)糁(tám)迈(mươi)
      One-hundred-year-old mothers still worry about their eighty-year-old children just the same.

Etymology 4

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

南• (nằm)

  1. chữ Nôm form ofnằm(“tolie(be in a horizontal position on a surface)”)

Etymology 5

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

南• (nơm)

  1. chữ Nôm form ofnơm(“(fishing)bell-shapedtrappingbasket made ofbamboo forcapturingfish”)

References

[edit]
  1. ↑1.01.11.21.31.41.5Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑2.02.12.22.3Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑3.03.1Trần (2004).
  4. ^Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑5.05.1Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑6.06.1Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑7.07.17.2Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Yonaguni

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
See also:
南

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate toOkinawan南(fē,“south,southerly”) and westernJapanese南風(hae,“southerlywinds”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

南(はい) (hai) 

  1. thesouth(cardinal point)
  2. asoutherly(windblowing from the south)

References

[edit]

Zhuang

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

南

  1. Sawndip form ofnamz
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=南&oldid=89027150"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2026 Movatter.jp