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十 (Kangxi radical 24,十+0, 2 strokes,cangjie input十 (J),four-corner40000,composition⿻一丨)
| simp. andtrad. | 十 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 拾financial 什 | |
| Historical forms of the character十 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) | |||
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unlike一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one,十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms一 was added, forming a cross.
Possibly a pictogram (象形) for a needle, later written as針 (OC*kjum, *kjums), borrowed phonetically for十 (OC*ɡjub, “ten”).
Unrelated to支,卖,直,真,德,甫， and七 but related to the original version of丈 and perhaps related to由.
The notion that針 /针(zhēn) belongs to the same series as十(shí) is not generally accepted. If they are separated, Baxter-Sagart's reconstruction can be amended to*[g][i]p.
FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*sV-ɢip.
| Variety | Location | 十 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂʐ̩³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʃz̩⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /sz̩²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /sz̩³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /sz̩²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʂʐ̩³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /ʂəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /səʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao | /ʂʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /səʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /zəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zai²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕi²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕi¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /səp̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʃïp̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐp̚²/ |
| Nanning | /sɐp̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɐp̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sip̚⁵/ /t͡sap̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɛiʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /si⁵⁴/ /si⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sap̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /tap̚³/ /tɔp̚³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 十 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (141) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 是執切 |
| Baxter | dzyip |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑip̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiəp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sap6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 十 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyip › |
| Old Chinese | /*t.[ɡ]əp/ |
| English | ten |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 十 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11452 |
| Phonetic component | 十 |
| Rime group | 緝 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 十 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡjub/ |
十
| Chinese numbers | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 106 | 108 | 1012 | |
| Normal (小寫 /小写) | 〇,零,空 | 一,蜀 | 二,兩 /两 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬 /万, 十千(Malaysia, Singapore) | 百萬 /百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶(Philippines) | 億 /亿 | 兆(Taiwan) 萬億 /万亿(Mainland China) |
| Financial (大寫 /大写) | 零 | 壹 | 貳 /贰 | 參 /叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸 /陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | ||||
In Min Nan numbers, thevernacular (白) pronunciation is the more common pronunciation, while theliterary (文) reading is used for reading numbers out loud, such as in phone numbers. Please note that this usage is similar to the usage of the variant幺 for the numeral一 in Mandarin.
or=''zū''Please seeModule:checkparams for help with this warning.
Others:
| < 9 | 10 | 11 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal :十 | ||
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 十 |
| じゅう Grade: 1 |
| goon |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 十 |
| じっ Grade: 1 |
| kan'yōon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 拾(financial) |
/ʑipʉ/ →/ʑiɸu/ →/ʑɨu/ →/ʑuː//ʑiʔ/ →/ʑi~̚/
FromMiddle Chinese十 (MC dzyip). Compare literaryHokkien十(si̍p).
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 十 |
| とお Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
⟨to2wo⟩ → */təwo/ →/towo/ →/toː/
FromOld Japanese, ultimately fromProto-Japonic*təwə.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 十 |
| と Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
Shift fromtō above.[2]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 十 |
| そ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
⟨so1⟩ → */sʷo/ →/so/
FromOld Japanese.
Used in compounds.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 十 |
| しい Grade: 1 |
| irregular |
| 100 | ||||
| ← 1 | ← 9 | 10 | 11 → | 20 → |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ||||
| Nativeisol.:열(yeol) Nativeattr.:열(yeol) Sino-Korean:십(sip) Hanja:十 Ordinal:열째(yeoljjae) | ||||
FromMiddle Chinese十 (MC dzyip).
| Historical readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 씹〮 (Yale:ssíp) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] | 열〮 (Yale:yél) | 십〮 (Yale:síp) |
十:Hán Việt readings:thập (
十:Nôm readings:thập[1][2][4]
