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北方

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

		north	direction; region
trad.(北方)		北	方
simp.^#(北方)		北	方

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):běifāng
(Zhuyin):ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄤ

(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):быйфон (bɨyfon, I-I)
Cantonese(Jyutping):bak¹ fong¹
Gan(Wiktionary):'bet⁶ fong¹
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):pet-fông
(Hailu,HRS):bed fong^ˋ
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):bah⁶ horng¹
Southern Min(Hokkien,POJ):pak-hong /pak-hng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:běifāng
  - Zhuyin:ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:běifang
  - Wade–Giles:pei³-fang¹
  - Yale:běi-fāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:beeifang
  - Palladius:бэйфан(bɛjfan)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:быйфон (bɨyfon, I-I)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/pei²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping:bak¹ fong¹
  - Yale:bāk fōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin:bak⁷ fong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization:beg¹ fong¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/pɐk̚⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:'bet⁶ fong¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ˈpɛt̚⁵ fɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:pet-fông
  - Hakka Romanization System:bed^ˋ fong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:bed⁵ fong¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/pet̚² foŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:bed fong^ˋ
  - SinologicalIPA:/pet⁵⁻² foŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:bah⁶ horng¹ [Phonetic: bah⁷ horng¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:bah-ho̤ng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/paʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ hɒŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:bah⁶ horng¹ [Phonetic: bah⁷ horng¹]
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/paʔ²⁻⁴ hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:pak-hong
  - Tâi-lô:pak-hong
  - Phofsit Daibuun:pakhofng
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Taipei,Kaohsiung):/pak̚³²⁻⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/pak̚³²⁻⁵ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,variant inTaiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:pak-hng
  - Tâi-lô:pak-hng
  - Phofsit Daibuun:pakhngf
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hŋ̍³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Taipei,Kaohsiung):/pak̚³²⁻⁴ hŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/pak̚³²⁻⁵ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese:pok pjang

Rime
Character	北	方
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	德 (131)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	博墨切	府良切
Baxter	pok	pjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pək̚/	/pʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pək̚/	/pʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/pək̚/	/piuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pək̚/	/puaŋ/
Li Rong	/pək̚/	/piuaŋ/
Wang Li	/pək̚/	/pĭwaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pək̚/	/piwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo	fāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak¹	fong¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*pˤək C-paŋ/
(Zhengzhang):/*pɯːɡ paŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	北	方
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	běi	fāng
Middle Chinese	‹ pok ›	‹ pjang ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁək/	/*C-paŋ/
English	north	square
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	北	方
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	414	3023
Phonetic component	北	方
Rime group	職	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	北	方
Old Chinese	/*pɯːɡ/	/*paŋ/
Notes		甲金文象槳即榜初文，下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆

Noun

北方

north
northern area (of a country)
(specifically)northern China(usually referring to the area to the north of theYellow River)

Synonyms

(Hokkien)北頂／北顶

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (北方):

→ Japanese:北方(ほっぽう)(hoppō)
→ Korean:북방(北方)(bukbang)
→ Vietnamese:bắc phương(北方)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
北	方
ほく > ほっ Grade: 2	ほう > ぽう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo)ほっぽー[hòppóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ho̞p̚po̞ː]

Noun

北(ほっ)方(ぽう)• (hoppō) ^{←ほくぱう(fokupau)^?}

north,northern area

Related terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
北	方
きた Grade: 2	かた > がた Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kʲita̠ɡa̠ta̠]

Noun

北(きた)方(がた)• (kitagata)

north

Proper noun

北(きた)方(がた)• (Kitagata)

Kitagata (varioustowns inJapan)
asurname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
北	方
きた Grade: 2	かた Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kʲita̠ka̠ta̠]

Proper noun

北(きた)方(かた)• (Kitakata)

Kitakata (varioustowns inJapan)
asurname

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
北	方
きた Grade: 2	さま > ざま Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kʲita̠za̠ma̠]

Noun

北(きた)方(ざま)• (kitazama)

north

References

^NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese),Tokyo:NHK Publishing, Inc.,→ISBN

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