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北京

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

[edit]
northcapital; Beijing (abbrev.)
trad.(北京)北京
simp.#(北京)北京
Literally: “northern capital”.
Wikipedia has articles on:

Etymology

[edit]

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character北京
Reading #1/11/1
Initial (聲)幫 (1)見 (28)
Final (韻)德 (131)庚 (111)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)OpenOpen
Division (等)IIII
Fanqie博墨切舉卿切
Baxterpokkjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/pək̚//kˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		/pək̚//kᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		/pək̚//kiaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/pək̚//kiajŋ/
Li
Rong		/pək̚//kiɐŋ/
Wang
Li		/pək̚//kĭɐŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren		/pək̚//ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		bojīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		bak1ging1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character北京
Reading #1/11/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		běijīng
Middle
Chinese		‹ pok ›‹ kjæng ›
Old
Chinese		/*pˁək//*[k]raŋ/
Englishnorthhill; capital city

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character北京
Reading #1/11/1
No.4146828
Phonetic
component		北京
Rime
group		職陽
Rime
subdivision		00
Corresponding
MC rime		北驚
Old
Chinese		/*pɯːɡ//*kraŋ/

Proper noun

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北京

  2. (～市)Beijing (adirect-administered municipality, thecapital city ofChina)
    中國的首都是北京。[MSC,trad.]
    中国的首都是北京。[MSC,simp.]
    Zhōngguó de shǒudū shìBěijīng.[Pinyin]
    The capital of China isBeijing.
    北京的春天很適合騎車逛衚衕。[MSC,trad.]
    北京的春天很适合骑车逛胡同。[MSC,simp.]
    Běijīng de chūntiān hěn shìhé qíchē guàng hútòng.[Pinyin]
    Beijing’s spring is very suitable for cycling around the hutongs.
    原諒我不能陪你去北京。[MSC,trad.]
    原谅我不能陪你去北京。[MSC,simp.]
    Yuánliàng wǒ bù néng péi nǐ qùBěijīng.[Pinyin]
    Forgive me for not being able to go with you toBeijing.
    Synonyms:北平(Běipíng)(historical),燕京(Yānjīng)(historical)
  3. (metonymic) Beijing(thegovernment of thePeople's Republic of China)
  4. (historical)northerncapital
    1. [5th c.CE]Jiankang (capital ofLiu Song dynasty)—in modern-dayNanjing,Jiangsu province
    2. [5th c.CE]Jingkou (birthplace ofLiu Song dynasty)—in modern-dayZhenjiang,Jiangsu province
    3. [5th c.CE]Pingcheng (capital ofNorthern Wei dynasty)—in modern-dayDatong,Shanxi province
    4. [8th–10th c.CE]Taiyuan Fu (birthplace ofTang dynasty and many subsequent states)—in modern-dayTaiyuan,Shanxi province
    5. [11th c.CE]Daming Fu (visited byEmperor Zhenzong)—in modern-dayHandan,Hebeiprovince
    6. [12th c.CE]Shangjing Linhuang Fu (one of the capitals ofJin dynasty)—in modern-dayChifeng,Inner Mongolia
    7. [12th c.CE]Zhongdu (one of the capitals ofJin dynasty)—in modern-dayBeijing
    8. [14th c.CE]Kaifeng Fu (Ming dynasty)—in modern-dayKaifeng,Henan province

Usage notes

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Synonyms

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  • (Beijing):(historical)北平 (Běipíng),(literary, or ironic, humorous)帝都 (dìdū),(historical, archaic)燕京 (Yānjīng)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (北京):

Others:

See also

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  • Other capitals in the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China:南京 (Nánjīng) —洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng) —西安 (Xī'ān)
  • Other directions:南京 (Nánjīng, “southern capital”) —東京／东京 (Dōngjīng, “eastern capital”) —西京 (Xījīng, “western capital”)

Japanese

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JapaneseWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaja

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
北京
ぺ
Grade: 2		きん
Grade: 2
tōon

From theNanjing court dialectMandarin北京(Běijīng, literally“northerncapital”), from before the modernpalatalization of/k/ to/tɕ/.[1] The kanji are anorthographic borrowing fromChinese北京(Běijīng). ComparePortuguesePequim,SpanishPekín,DutchPeking,EnglishPeking,FrenchPékin,GermanPeking,RussianПекин(Pekin).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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北京(ペキン)• (Pekin) 

  1. Beijing (adirect-administered municipality, thecapital city ofChina)

See also

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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
北京
ほく > ほっ
Grade: 2		きょう
Grade: 2
on'yomi

Compound of北(ほく)(hoku,“north”) +京(きょう)(kyō,“capital city”). Attested from the 13th century.[3]

Pronunciation

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Request for audio pronunciationThis entry needs anaudio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, pleaserecord this word. The recorded pronunciationwill appear here when it's ready.

Proper noun

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北(ほっ)京(きょう)• (Hokkyō) ←ほくきやう(Fokukyau)?

  1. (history)Kyoto the "NorthernCapital", as opposed toNara the "SouthernCapital"

References

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  1. ^Kaske, Elisabeth (2008),The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919‎[1], Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV,→ISBN, page52
  2. ^NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese),Tokyo:NHK Publishing, Inc.,→ISBN
  3. ^“ほっ‐きょう［ホクキャウ］ 【北京】”, in日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2006
  4. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term
北京

Proper noun

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北京• (Bukgyeong) (hangeul북경)

  1. hanja form? of북경(“Beijing”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
北京

Proper noun

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北京

  1. chữ Hán form ofBắc Kinh(“Beijing (adirect-administered municipality, thecapital city ofChina)”)
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