Stroke order

化 (Kangxi radical 21,匕+2, 4 strokes,cangjie input人心 (OP),four-corner2421₀,composition⿰亻𠤎(GV) or⿰亻匕(HTJK))

• 吪,沎,杹,訛 (讹),鈋 (𨱂),靴,魤,花,炛,貨 (货),囮
• 华(Simplified from華)

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 152, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2572
• Dae Jaweon: page 342, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 109, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5316

Historical forms of the character化
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) of two人 (“person”), one upright (亻) and one upside down (𠤎) — reversal; change.Shuowen also considers𠤎 to be a phonetic component.

Compare并,比,卬,尼 and北.

A possible derived term is瓦 (OC*ŋʷraːlʔ, *ŋʷraːls, “earthenware, tile”), by eliminating causative devoicing and adding an endoactive rising tone (上聲), thus literally “that which has transformed (through fire)”. Also related to貨 (OC*hŋʷaːls, “property, goods”),吪 (OC*ŋʷaːl, “move, act”), and perhaps訛 (OC*ŋʷaːl, “false”) (Schuessler, 2007).

化

1. tochange; totransform
2. tobecome; toturn into
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) todie
4. tomelt

   把雪化掉  ― bǎ xuěhuàdiào  ―  make snowmelt

5. todissolve
6. Suffix denoting "change into ...". Akin to English-ize and-ization.

   民主化  ― mínzhǔhuà  ―  democratize

   物化  ― wùhuà  ―  objectify

7. (chemistry)Affix denotingcombination.

   氧化鈣／氧化钙  ― yǎnghuàgài  ―  calcium oxide

   氫氧化鈉／氢氧化钠  ― qīngyǎnghuànà  ―  sodium hydroxide

8. short for教化 (jiàohuà, “enlightenment; cultivation”)
9. (in compounds)short for化學／化学 (huàxué, “chemistry”)

   日化  ― rìhuà  ―  householdchemicals

   化工  ― huàgōng  ― chemical industry

10. toburn(clarification of this definition is needed.)

    化寶／化宝  ― huàbǎo  ―  toburn offerings

11. (Cantonese)open-minded;enlightened:accept the change

    睇化[Cantonese]  ― tai²faa³[Jyutping]  ―  to see things in anopen-minded manner

    教極都唔化／教极都唔化[Cantonese]  ― gaau³ gik⁶ dou¹ m⁴faa³[Jyutping]  ―  He don’taccept to change his habit even after being taught many times

化(Hokkien)

1. toferment; tobrew; todissolve

   化醬清／化酱清  ― òa chiùⁿ-chheng  ―  to fermentsoybeans and extractsoy sauce

   化灰  ― òa-he  ―  toslakelime

2. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) tosoak

   化田  ― òa-chhân  ―  to soakpaddy field with water

化(Hokkien)

1. alternative form of灰(hoa,“toextinguish”)

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on:け(ke,Jōyō)^{←け(ke,historical)←くゑ(kwe,ancient)}
• Kan-on:か(ka,Jōyō)^{←くわ(kwa,historical)}
• Kun:ばける(bakeru,化ける,Jōyō)、ばかす(bakasu,化かす,Jōyō)、かえる(kaeru,化える)、かわる(kawaru,化わる)、ふける(fukeru,化ける)

FromMiddle Chinese化 (MC xwaeH).

• IPA^(key): [ka̠]

化(か)• (ka) ^{←くわ(kwa)?}

1. tochange; totake theform of
2. toinfluence

化(か)• (-ka) ^{←くわ(-kwa)?}

1. -ization,-ification; action of making something that way

FromMiddle Chinese化 (MC xwaeH).

• (SK Standard/Seoul)IPA^(key):[ɸwa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul:[화(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

化

化 (eumhun될화(doel hwa))

1. hanja form^? of화(“tobe; tobecome”)[affix]
2. hanja form^? of화(“-ization;-ification”)[suffix]

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[2]

化:Hán Việt readings:hóa/hoá^[1][2][3],góa/goá^[1]
化:Nôm readings:Huế^[1]

1. chữ Hán form ofhoá(“totransform; tochange into; tobecome”)
2. chữ Nôm form ofHuế(“Huế City”)

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