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割 (Kangxi radical 18,刀+10, 12 strokes,cangjie input十口中弓 (JRLN),four-corner32600,composition⿰害刂)
| trad. | 割 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp.# | 割 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 刈 | |
| alternative forms | 㓣ancient 刈Min Nan 𠛛 𠛷 | |
| Historical forms of the character割 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) |
| Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*kaːd): phonetic 害(OC*ɡaːds) + semantic 刂.
According toSchuessler (2007), fromSino-Tibetan and an area word. Externally, cognate withTibetanའགས་པ('gas pa,“to split; to break; to burst apart”),Proto-Mon-Khmer*kat ~ *kaat(“to cut”), whenceKhmerកាត់(kat,“to cut”) and Proto-South-Bahnaric*kat ("to chop; to cut"). Within Chinese, cognate with害 (OC*ɡaːds, “to harm; to injure”), and犗 (OC*kraːds, “to castrate”), which is perhaps the r-causative of割 (OC*kaːd). Note alsoBurmeseခတ်(hkat,“to beat, strike, paddle”) (Luce, 1981).
On the other hand, STEDT compares it toProto-Sino-Tibetan*d-ra-t(“cut; slash”), to which害 (OC*ɡaːds, “to harm; to injure”),犗 (OC*kraːds, “to castrate”),剌 (OC*raːd, “to cut; perverse”) are also compared. Descended from the Proto-Sino-Tibetan root areTibetanདྲ་བ(dra ba,“to cut”) andBurmeseရှန(hra.na.,“wounded”).
| Variety | Location | 割 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kɤ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ka²¹³/ /ka⁴⁴/ /ka²⁴/ /kɤ²¹³/ /kɤ²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /kɤ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /kə²¹³/ /ka²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /ka⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /kɤ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /kɤ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /kə¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /kə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /kɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /kuo²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ko³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ko²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ko³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /koʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /kɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kaʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /kʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /kaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kəʔ⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /kəʔ⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /kɑʔ⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /kø²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /kɔʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | /kuːə⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ko²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ko²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kɵʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kot̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /kot̚²²/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kɔt̚³/ |
| Nanning | /kɔt̚³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kɔt̚³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kat̚³²/ /kuaʔ³²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɑʔ²³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kɔ²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /kuaʔ²/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /kua⁵⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 割 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 曷 (63) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古達切 |
| Baxter | kat |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ge |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | got3 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 割 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kat › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə-kˁat/ |
| English | cut (v.); harm (v.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 割 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4851 |
| Phonetic component | 害 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 葛 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaːd/ |
割
割
| Shinjitai | 割 | |
| Kyūjitai [1][2] | 割 割or 割+ ︀? | |
| 割󠄀 割+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 割󠄅 割+ 󠄅?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. Seehere for details. | ||
(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji,kyūjitai form割)
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 割 |
| わり Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 割り |
From theren'yōkei of割る(waru,“divide; cut”).
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 割 |
| かつ Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi |
{{rfdef}}.割:Hán Việt readings:cát[1][2][3]
割:Nôm readings:cắt[1][2][3][4][5][6][7],xắt[1][2],cắc[6],gặt[6],kết[6]