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冶

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

冶	U+51B6,冶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B6

←况
[U+51B5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

冷 →
[U+51B7]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Kangxi Dictionary:page 131, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1621
Dae Jaweon: page 295, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 296, character 7
Unihan data for U+51B6

Chinese

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simp. andtrad.		冶

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character冶
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*laːʔ): semantic 冫(“ice”) + phonetic 台(OC*l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ). It expresses the idea of ice softening and melting, and by extension, of metal melting.^[1]

References

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^Digital Shinjigen 2017

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):yě (ye³)
(Zhuyin):ㄧㄝˇ
Cantonese(Jyutping):je⁵
Hakka(Sixian,PFS):yâ
Jin(Wiktionary):ie²
Northern Min(KCR):iǎ
Eastern Min(BUC):iā
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):iá
(Teochew,Peng'im):ia²
Wu(Northern,Wugniu):⁶yi /²yi /⁶ya /²ya /⁶yae /⁶ye /²ye
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):ie³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:yě
  - Zhuyin:ㄧㄝˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:yě
  - Wade–Giles:yeh³
  - Yale:yě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:yee
  - Palladius:е(je)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jɛ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:je⁵
  - Yale:yéh
  - Cantonese Pinyin:je⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization:yé⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jɛː¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl.Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:yâ
  - Hakka Romanization System:ia^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:ya¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/i̯a²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl.Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:yâ
  - Hakka Romanization System:(r)ia^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:ya¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/(j)i̯a²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:ie²
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/ie⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:iǎ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ia²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:iā
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ia³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:iá
  - Tâi-lô:iá
  - Phofsit Daibuun:iar
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/ia⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/ia⁵⁵⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/ia⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/ia⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/ia⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:ia²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:iá
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ia⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Songjiang)
  - Wugniu:⁶yi
  - MiniDict:yi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³hhi
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/ɦi²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/ɦi¹³/
- (Northern:Ningbo)
  - Wugniu:²yi
  - MiniDict:yi^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/ɦi³¹³/
- (Northern:Jiading,Suzhou)
  - Wugniu:⁶ya
  - MiniDict:ya^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/ɦia¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/ɦiɑ²³¹/
- (Northern:Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu:²ya
  - MiniDict:ya^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/ɦia²³¹/
- (Northern:Jiading)
  - Wugniu:⁶yae
  - MiniDict:yae^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/ɦie̞¹³/
- (Northern:Chongming,Suzhou,Hangzhou,Ningbo)
  - Wugniu:⁶ye
  - MiniDict:ye^去
  - MiniDict:yie^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/ɦie³¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/ɦɪ²³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/ɦiɛ¹¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/ɦie¹¹³/
- (Northern:Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu:²ye
  - MiniDict:ye^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/ɦie²³¹/

Note:

Jiading, Suzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo:
- ya/yi - vernacular;
- yae/ye - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:ie³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/i̯e̞⁴¹/

Middle Chinese:yaeX

Rime
Character	冶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊者切
Baxter	yaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jia^X/
Li Rong	/ia^X/
Wang Li	/jĭa^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang):/*laːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冶
Reading #	1/1
No.	14811
Phonetic component	冶
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	野
Old Chinese	/*laːʔ/

Definitions

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冶

tosmelt (metal)
冶煉／冶炼 ― yěliàn ― to smelt (metal)
冶金 ― yějīn ― metallurgy
陶冶 ― táoyě ― to make pottery and smelt metal;(by extension) to shape; to cultivate
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)smelter(someone whocasts metal)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)smelting furnace
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)smelter(a place wheresmelting orcasting is done)
(derogatory, of woman's look)seductive;bewitching
妖冶 ― yāoyě ― seductive; bewitching
冶容 ― yěróng ― to dress up seductively; seductive look
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)alternative form of野
asurname

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 冶

冶

(Jōyō kanji)

smelting

Readings

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Compounds

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冶金(やきん)(yakin):metallurgy
冶容(やよう)(yayō): toput onmakeup; acharmingfigure

Korean

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Chinese冶 (MC yaeX).

Historical readings
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[1]	불무 (Yale:pwùlmwù)	야〯 (Yale:yă)

Pronunciation

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(SK Standard/Seoul)IPA^(key):[ja̠(ː)]
Phonetic hangul:[야(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.