Stroke order

冠 (Kangxi radical 14,冖+7, 9 strokes,cangjie input月一山戈 (BMUI),four-corner3721₄,composition⿱冖㝴)

• 𫱌,𬃧,𥔒,𨩶,𠖡,蒄,𬏸,𪑪

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 130, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1580
• Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 303, character 18
• Unihan data for U+51A0

Historical forms of the character冠
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*kŋoːn, *kŋoːns) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 冖(“hat”) + phonetic 元(OC*ŋon,“head”) + semantic 寸(“hand”) – a hand putting a hat on the head.

Earlier forms arephono-semantic (形聲 /形声,OC*kŋoːn, *kŋoːns): semantic 冃(“hat”) + phonetic 元(OC*ŋon).

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*(g/k)wa-n(“to put on; to wear; to clothe”). Cognate withTibetanབགོ(bgo,“to put on; to wear; clothing”),གོས(gos,“clothes; garments; dress”),གོན(gon),གྱོན(gyon,“to put on; to wear”),སྐོན(skon,“to dress; to clothe”).

Pronunciation 2 is theexopassive derivation of pronunciation 1, literally "(make someone to) be capped" (Schuessler, 2007).

冠

1. hat;cap

   皇冠  ― huángguān  ―  crown

   衣冠楚楚  ― yīguānchǔchǔ  ―  well-groomed

   • 高祖為亭長，乃以竹皮為冠。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     高祖为亭长，乃以竹皮为冠。[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From: TheRecords of the Grand Historian, bySima Qian,c. 91BCE

     Gāozǔ wéi tíngzhǎng, nǎi yǐ zhú pí wéiguān.[Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. hat-shaped thing

   花冠  ― huāguān  ―  wreath; crown

   雞冠／鸡冠  ― jīguān  ―  cockscomb

冠

1. (literary) toput on ahat; towear a hat

   沐猴而冠  ― mùhóu'érguàn  ―  a macaquewearing a hat

   • 「許子冠乎？」曰：「冠。」[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     「许子冠乎？」曰：「冠。」[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From:Mencius,c. 4^th centuryBCE

     “Xǔ zǐguàn hū?” Yuē: “Guàn.”[Pinyin]

     'Does hewear a cap?' 'Hewears a cap.'

2. (historical)ceremony marking amale'scoming of age at 20

   • 男子二十冠而字。[Classical Chinese,trad. andsimp.]

     From: TheBook of Rites,c. 4^th – 2^nd centuryBCE

     Nánzǐ èrshíguàn ér zì.[Pinyin]

     A son at twenty iscapped, and receives his appellation.

3. (historical, of a male) toreachadulthood
4. torankfirst; toexcel; tosurpass

   冠軍／冠军  ― guànjūn  ―  champion

   • 位冠群臣，聲施後世。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     位冠群臣，声施后世。[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From: TheRecords of the Grand Historian, bySima Qian,c. 91BCE

     Wèiguàn qúnchén, shēng yì hòushì.[Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. (literary) tocover
6. toprecede (e.g. with atitle); toattach; toput on

   冠夫姓  ― guàn fūxìng  ―  toadd on one's husband's surname

7. champion;winner;victor

   奪冠／夺冠  ― duóguàn  ―  to takefirst prize

8. (linguistics)short for冠詞／冠词 (guàncí, “article”)
9. asurname

• (ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20):元服 (yuánfú)

• “冠”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00304

(Jōyō kanji)

1. crown
2. best,peerless

• Go-on:かん(kan,Jōyō)^{←くわん(kwan,historical)}
• Kan-on:かん(kan,Jōyō)^{←くわん(kwan,historical)}
• Kun:かんむり(kanmuri,冠,Jōyō)
• Nanori:かもり(kamori)、まさる(masaru)

• 冠(かん)詞(し)(kanshi,“article”)

• 瓜(か)田(でん)に履(くつ)を納(い)れず、李(り)下(か)に冠(かんむり)を正(ただ)さず(kaden ni kutsu o irezu, rika ni kanmuri o tadasazu)

/kaɡapuri/ →/kaɡafuri/

FromOld Japanese.

• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡa̠ɸɯ̟ɾʲi]

冠(かがふり)• (kagafuri) 

1. (archaic, possibly obsolete)headcovering;headdress,crown
2. (by extension, archaic)order,rank

• 位(い)階(かい)(ikai,“court rank”)

Likely a shift fromkagafuri above, ancientkagapuri.(Canthis⁽⁺⁾ etymology besourced?)

• (Tokyo)かぶり[kàbúríꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠bɯ̟ɾʲi]

冠(かぶり)• (kaburi) 

1. headdress,crown
2. (theater)largeattendance,full house

   Synonym:大入り(ōiri)

3. (archaic)order,rank

A shift fromkaburi above.(Canthis⁽⁺⁾ etymology besourced?)

• (Tokyo)かむり[kàmúrí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠mɯ̟ɾʲi]

冠(かむり)• (kamuri) 

1. headdress,crown
2. distance from thetunnel'sroof to the surface directly above it
3. (poetry) first (traditionally, five)morae of ahaiku, etc.; specifically, the first verse or line of a poem

A shift fromkagafuri above, ancientkagapuri.^[1]

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːbɯ̟ɾʲi]

冠(こうぶり)• (kōburi) ^{←かうぶり(kauburi)?}

1. headdress,crown
2. order,rank
3. synonym of年爵(“anannualsalary in the Heian period”)

• 初(うい)冠(こうぶり)(uikōburi,“crowning a boy for the first time at a coming-of-age ceremony​”)

JapaneseWikipedia has an article on:

冠

Wikipedia^ja

The modern spelling. A shift fromkōburi above, historicalkauburi.^[1] Also encountered iskanburi.

• (Tokyo)かんむり[kàńmúrí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• (Tokyo)かんむり[kàńmúꜜrì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [kã̠mːɯ̟ɾʲi]

• IPA^(key): [kã̠mbɯ̟ɾʲi]

冠(かんむり)or冠(かんぶり)• (kanmuriorkanburi) 

1. acrown(royal headdress)
   • 1999 November 18, “冠(かんむり)を戴(いただ)く蒼(あお)き翼(つばさ) [Crowned Blue Wings]”, inVol.6,Konami:

     頭(あたま)の毛(け)が冠(かんむり)のように見(み)える、青(あお)白(じろ)く燃(も)えるトリ。

     Atama no ke gakanmuri no yō ni mieru, aojiroku moeru tori.

     A bluish fiery bird whose feathers on its head resemble a crown.

2. atype oftraditionalcap
3. name;title; namedsponsorship of a program, event, team, etc.​
4. thetopradical of akanji, such as冖 as in冠 itself

冠(かんむり)• (Kanmuri) 

1. a femalegiven name
2. asurname

Clipping of鶏(と)冠(さか)(tosaka).(Canthis⁽⁺⁾ etymology besourced?)

• IPA^(key): [sa̠ka̠]

冠(さか)• (saka) 

1. comb,crest (of a bird, particularly achicken orpheasant);cockscomb

FromMiddle Chinese冠 (MC kwan|kwanH).

• (Tokyo)かん[káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

冠(かん)• (kan) ^{←くわん(kwan)?}

1. headpiece,crown

• 冠(かん)たる(kantaru,“best,unrivalled”)

冠(かん)• (kan) ^{←くわん(kwan)?†}-tari (adnominal冠(かん)とした(kanto shita)or冠(かん)たる(kantaru),adverbial冠(かん)と(kanto)or冠(かん)として(kanto shite))

1. crown;champion

• “冠”, in漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese),The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation,2015–2025

FromMiddle Chinese冠 (MC kwan|kwanH). Recorded asMiddle Korean관(kwan) (Yale:kwan) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

冠

冠 (eumhun갓관(gat gwan))

1. hanja form^? of관(“crown;hat”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[3]

冠:Hán Nôm readings:quan,quán

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

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