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公主

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

	just; honourable; public just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister	to own; to host; master to own; to host; master; lord; primary
trad.(公主)	公	主
simp.^#(公主)	公	主
anagram	主公

Etymology

[edit]

InVolume I of his 1085 treatiseRecords of the Origins of Affairs and Things (事物紀原), Gao Cheng (高承) quotedChūnqiū Zhǐzhǎng Suìyù's (春秋指掌碎玉) statement that:

天子嫁女，秦漢以來，使三公主之，故呼公主也。”[Classical Chinese,trad.]

天子嫁女，秦汉以来，使三公主之，故呼公主也。”[Classical Chinese,simp.]

Tiānzǐ jià nǚ, qín hàn yǐlái, shǐ sāngōng zhǔ zhī, gù hūgōngzhǔ yě.”[Pinyin]

[When] the Son of Heaven married off a daughter, ever since Qin and Han periods, he employed [one of] the ThreeDukes [gōng] (公) tohost [zhǔ] (主) [the marriage]. Hence the appellationGōngzhǔ (公主).

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):gōngzhǔ
(Zhuyin):ㄍㄨㄥㄓㄨˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):gung¹ zyu²
(Taishan,Wiktionary):guung¹ zi²
Hakka(Sixian,PFS):kûng-chú
Eastern Min(BUC):gŭng-*ciō
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):gorng¹ zy³
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):kong-chú
(Teochew,Peng'im):gong¹ zu²
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):¹kon-tsy₅

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:gōngzhǔ → gōngzhu(toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin:ㄍㄨㄥㄓㄨˇ → ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄓㄨ(toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin:gongjhů
  - Wade–Giles:kung¹-chu⁵
  - Yale:gūng-ju
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:gong.juu
  - Palladius:гунчжу(gunčžu)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ → /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥u²/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping:gung¹ zyu²
  - Yale:gūng jyú
  - Cantonese Pinyin:gung¹ dzy²
  - Guangdong Romanization:gung¹ ju²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:guung¹ zi²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɵŋ³³ t͡si⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:kûng-chú
  - Hakka Romanization System:gung^ˊ zu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:gung¹ zu³
  - SinologicalIPA:/kuŋ²⁴ t͡su³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:gŭng-*ciō
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ t͡suo³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:gorng¹ zy³ [Phonetic: gorng⁵ ny³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:go̤ng-cṳ̂
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹^(t͡s-)ny⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:gorng¹ zy³ [Phonetic: gorng⁵ ny³]
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹^(t͡s-)ny³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kong-chú
  - Tâi-lô:kong-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun:kongzuo
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/kɔŋ³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:gong¹ zu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:kong tsú
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/koŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:¹kon-tsy₅
  - MiniDict:kon^平 tsy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):¹kon-tsr₂
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

Middle Chinese:kuwng tsyuX

Rime
Character	公	主
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古紅切	之庾切
Baxter	kuwng	tsyuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋ/	/cuə̆^X/
Li Rong	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕio^X/
Wang Li	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕĭu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuŋ/	/t͡ɕi̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gōng	zhǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung¹	zyu²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*C.qˤoŋ toʔ/
(Zhengzhang):/*kloːŋ tjoʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	公	公	主
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	gōng	zhǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwng ›	‹ kuwng ›	‹ tsyu^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qˁoŋ/	/*C.qˁoŋ/	/*toʔ/
English	impartial, just; public	father; prince	master; host
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	公	主
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4092	17618
Phonetic component	公	主
Rime group	東	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	公	主
Old Chinese	/*kloːŋ/	/*tjoʔ/

Noun

[edit]

公主

daughter of amonarch;princess
princess(young girl or woman considered vain, spoiled or selfish)
(euphemistic, slang)femaleprostitute
- 幽默和不幽默的人是兩種動物。擰巴還在於，人不幽默，做出的事幽默。出門往街上看，他們把世界全變了形，洗澡堂子叫「洗浴廣場」，飯館叫「美食城」，剃頭鋪子叫「美容中心」；連夜總會的「雞」，一開始叫「小姐」，後來又改叫「公主」。[MSC,trad.]
  幽默和不幽默的人是两种动物。拧巴还在于，人不幽默，做出的事幽默。出门往街上看，他们把世界全变了形，洗澡堂子叫「洗浴广场」，饭馆叫「美食城」，剃头铺子叫「美容中心」；连夜总会的「鸡」，一开始叫「小姐」，后来又改叫「公主」。[MSC,simp.]
  From:2007,Liu Zhenyun, 我叫刘跃进
  Yōumò hé bù yōumò de rén shì liǎng zhǒng dòngwu. Nǐngba hái zàiyú, rén bù yōumò, zuò chū de shì yōumò. Chū mén wǎng jiēshang kàn, tāmen bǎ shìjiè quán biàn le xíng, xǐzǎo tángzi jiào “xǐyù guǎngchǎng”, fànguǎn jiào “měishí chéng”, tìtóu pùzi jiào “měiróng zhōngxīn”; lián yèzǒnghuì de “jī”, yī kāishǐ jiào “xiǎojiě”, hòulái yòu gǎi jiào “gōngzhǔ”.[Pinyin]
  Those who are humorous and those who aren't are two different kinds of animals. The oddness of this is that, those ones who aren't humorous do humorous things. Go out and look at the streets. They turned the world totally misshaped. A bathhouse is called "bathing plaza" (洗浴广场). A restaurant is called "food city" (美食城). A barber shop is called "beauty center" (美容中心). Even as for the prostitutes in the nightclubs, they're initially called "young lady" (小姐), and later changed to "princess" (公主).