Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WiktionaryThe Free Dictionary
Search

八

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:入,丷,andハ
八U+516B,八
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516B
←兪
[U+516A]		CJK Unified Ideographs公 →
[U+516C]

⼋U+2F0B,⼋
KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT
←⼊
[U+2F0A]		Kangxi Radicals⼌ →
[U+2F0C]

㈧U+3227,㈧
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT
←㈦
[U+3226]		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months㈨ →
[U+3228]

㊇U+3287,㊇
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT
←㊆
[U+3286]		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months㊈ →
[U+3288]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 12八

八 (Kangxi radical 12,八+0, 2 strokes,cangjie input竹人 (HO),four-corner80000,composition⿰丿乀(GHT) or⿰丿乁(JKV))

  1. Kangxi radical #12,⼋.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №16

Usage notes

[edit]

Minor strokes in the shape of八 or丷, as in the top of𠔉 and龹, can be referred by this radical (but in many cases, it is afalse friend). These are often written as丷 in modern texts. Compare卷/卷, and different forms of鬲/鬲.

Derived characters

[edit]
Additional Derived Characters

Descendants

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 126, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 274, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+516B

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character八
ShangWestern ZhouSpring and AutumnWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)Hanjian (compiled inSong)Guwen Sishengyun (compiled inSong)Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled inSong)Liushutong (compiled inMing)Libian (compiled inQing)Kangxi Dictionary (compiled inQing)
Bronze inscriptionsOracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsOracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptQin slip scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scriptsTranscribed ancient scriptsTranscribed ancient scriptsTranscribed ancient scriptsClerical scriptMing typeface
j01414
j01415
j01416
j01417
j01418
j01419
j01420
j01421
j01422
j01423
j01424
b00933
b00934
b00935
b00936
b00937
b00938
b00939
b00940
b00941
b00942
b00943
b00944
b00945
b00946
b00947
b00948
b00949
Transcribed ancient scripts
L26490
L26491
L26492
L26493
L26494
L26495
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears'Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the samephonetic series (八)(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扒*preːds, *preːd, *pred
八*preːd
𩡩*preːd
朳*preːd
玐*preːd
釟*preːd
汃*pʰreːd, *prɯn

Pictogram (象形): two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by分 and別).

Unrelated to the bottom part of兵,共,具, and兴, in which it represents two hands holding an object. Also unrelated to只 and兑 in which it represents air coming out of a mouth. Unrelated to貝. Eventually, unrelated to the bottom part of其,真, and典, in which it represents the legs of a table.

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad.八
simp.#八
alternative forms捌financial

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*pV-rjat(“eight”). CompareTibetanབརྒྱད(brgyad).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: bá - a less common tone sandhi variant of 八 when it occurs before a departing-tone character, e.g.八路(Bālù).
Note:
  • be5/beh6 - vernacular;
  • bah6 - literary.
Note:
  • poeh/peh/piē - vernacular;
  • pat - literary.
Note:1pa (Ningbo) - only in王八.
Rime
Character八
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)幫 (1)
Final (韻)鎋 (75)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)II
Fanqie博拔切
Baxterpeat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong		/pɛt̚/
Wang
Li		/pæt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren		/pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		ba
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		baat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character八
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		bā
Middle
Chinese		‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese		/*pˁret/
Englisheight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character八
Reading #1/1
No.89
Phonetic
component		八
Rime
group		月
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		八
Old
Chinese		/*preːd/

Definitions

[edit]

八

  1. eight
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)many;numerous
    • 八方 (bāfāng, “all around; from every direction”)
  3. (printing)pearl(thesmallestsize ofusualtype,standardized as 5point)
  4. short for八卦 (bāguà)
    1. togossip (about); tostick one's nose in
    2. (Cantonese)nosey;meddling
      八婆[Cantonese]  ― baat3 po4[Jyutping]  ―  nosey parker; meddling woman
  5. asurname,Ba
See also
[edit]
Chinese numbers
0123456789101021031041061081012
Normal
(小寫 /小写)		〇,零,空一,蜀二,兩 /两三四五六七八九十百千萬 /万,
十千(Malaysia, Singapore)		百萬 /百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶(Philippines)		億 /亿兆(Taiwan)
萬億 /万亿(Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫 /大写)		零壹貳 /贰參 /叁肆伍陸 /陆柒捌玖拾佰仟

In Min Nan numbers, thevernacular (白) pronunciation is the more common pronunciation, while theliterary (文) reading is used for reading numbers out loud, such as in phone numbers. Please note that this usage is similar to the usage of the variant幺 for the numeral一 in Mandarin.

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (八):

Others:

Etymology 2

[edit]
trad.八
simp.#八

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*brat(“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to別／别 (bié).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character八
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)幫 (1)
Final (韻)鎋 (75)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)II
Fanqie博拔切
Baxterpeat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong		/pɛt̚/
Wang
Li		/pæt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren		/pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		ba
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		baat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character八
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		bā
Middle
Chinese		‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese		/*pˁret/
Englisheight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character八
Reading #1/1
No.89
Phonetic
component		八
Rime
group		月
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		八
Old
Chinese		/*preːd/

Definitions

[edit]

八

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) todivide; todifferentiate

Etymology 3

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of八 – see捌 (“to know”).
(This character is a variant form of捌).

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  789  > 
   Cardinal :八

Kanji

[edit]
See also:
八

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
八
はち
Grade: 1
goon
JapaneseWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaja

FromMiddle Chinese八 (MC peat). Compare literaryHokkien八(pat),Hakka八(pat).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

八(はち)• (hachi) 

  1. eight,8

Noun

[edit]

八(はち)• (hachi) 

  1. eight
  2. short for八の字
  3. short for八兵衛

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
八
や
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

FromOld Japanese八(ya), fromProto-Japonic*ya.

The ablaut form of四(yo,“four”), which it doubles.(Canthis(+) etymology besourced?)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

八(や)• (ya) 

  1. eight
Derived terms
[edit]

Coordinate terms

[edit]
v • d • e
Japanese numbers
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
0零れい、ゼロrei, zero
1一、壱、弌、壹いちichi
2二、弐、貳、貮にni
3三、参さんsan
4四、肆よん、しyon, shi
5五、伍ごgo
6六、陸ろくroku
7七、漆なな、しちnana, shichi
8八、捌はちhachi
9九、玖きゅう、くkyū, ku
10十、拾じゅうjū
100百、陌、佰ひゃくhyaku
1,000千、阡、仟せんsen
10,000一万、万、一萬、萬いちまん、まんichiman, man
100,000,000一億、億いちおく、おくichioku, oku

References

[edit]
  1. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

Korean

[edit]
Korean numbers(edit)
80
 ←  789  → 
   Nativeisol.:여덟(yeodeol)
    Nativeattr.:여덟(yeodeol)
   Sino-Korean:팔(pal)
   Hanja:八
   Ordinal:여덟째(yeodeoljjae)

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese八 (MC peat).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448바ᇙ〮 (Yale:pálq)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]여듧 (Yale:yètùlp)팔 (Yale:phál)
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576여ᄃᆞᆲ (Yale:yetolp)팔 (Yale:phal)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

八 (eumhun여덟팔(yeodeol pal))

  1. hanja form? of팔(“eight”)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[3]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

八:Hán Việt readings:bát[1][2][3]
八:Nôm readings:bát[1][2],bắt[1][3],bớt[1]

  1. chữ Hán form ofbát
    1. eight,octo- (Sino-Vietnamese compounds)
    2. Kangxi radical 12—‘eight’

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑1.01.11.21.3Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑2.02.1Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑3.03.1Trần (2004).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=八&oldid=85724050"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp