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入る

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
    Kanji in this term
    入
    はい
    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spellings
    這入る(obsolete)
    挿入る(neologism, sex)

    From older這い入る(haiiru,older pronunciationfaiiru), itself a compound of這い(“to crawl”,continuative form) +‎入る(iru,“to enter, to go in”).[1][2][3][4]

    • /faiiru/ →/fairu/ →/hairu/

    This shortenedhairu form is first attested from the early 1200s.[1]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of入る
    Plain入るはいる[háꜜìrù]
    Conjunctive入ってはいって[háꜜìttè]
    Perfective入ったはいった[háꜜìttà]
    Negative入らないはいらない[hàíráꜜnàì]
    Negative perfective入らなかったはいらなかった[hàíráꜜnàkàttà]
    Hypothetical conditional入ればはいれば[háꜜìrèbà]
    Past conditional入ったらはいったら[háꜜìttàrà]
    Imperative入れはいれ[háꜜìrè]
    Volitional入ろうはいろー[hàíróꜜò]
    Desiderative入りたいはいりたい[hàírítáꜜì]
    Formal入りますはいります[hàírímáꜜsù]
    Formal negative入りませんはいりません[hàírímáséꜜǹ]
    Formal volitional入りましょうはいりましょー[hàírímáshóꜜò]
    Formal perfective入りましたはいりました[hàírímáꜜshìtà]
    Continuative入り
    入りに    		はいり
    はいりに    		[háꜜìrì]
    [háꜜìrì nì]
    Negative continuative入らず
    入らずに    		はいらず
    はいらずに    		[hàíráꜜzù]
    [hàíráꜜzù nì]
    Passive入られるはいられる[hàíráréꜜrù]
    Causative入らせる
    入らす    		はいらせる
    はいらす    		[hàíráséꜜrù]
    [hàíráꜜsù]
    Potential入れるはいれる[hàíréꜜrù]

    Verb

    [edit]

    入(はい)る• (hairu) intransitive godan (stem入(はい)り(hairi),past入(はい)った(haitta))

    1. [from early 1200s] toenter, go into, get into aplace or athing
      お風(ふ)呂(ろ)に入(はい)る
      o-furo nihairu
      get in the bath
      対(たい)策(さく)の検(けん)討(とう)に入(はい)る
      taisaku no kentō nihairu
      enter countermeasure discussion →start discussing plans for countermeasures
      亀(き)裂(れつ)が入(はい)ったタイヤ
      kiretsu gahaitta taiya
      tire with cracks that haveentered it → a cracked tire
      Antonym:出る(deru,“to leave, to exit, to go out”)
      1. [from early 1900s] tojoin a group or organization
    2. [from late 1700s] to becontained (in), to beincluded (in)
    3. to be amember of agroup,set,category
      先(せん)生(せい)、バナナはおやつに入(はい)りますか？
      Sensei, banana wa o-yatsu nihairimasu ka?
      Teacher, do bananascount as snacks?(rhetorical question in popular culture)
    4. to bein a container, building, etc.
      • 2007,新時代日漢辭典 /新时代日汉辞典(Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition,大新書局 /大新书局(Dàxīn Shūjú),→ISBN:
        この部(へ)屋(や)には百(ひゃく)人(にん)入(はい)れる。
        Kono heya ni wa hyaku-ninhaireru.
        In this room, one hundred peoplecan enter → This roomcan contain a hundred people.
    5. [from 1869] toenter aperiod oftime
      令(れい)和(わ)時(じ)代(だい)に入(はい)る、晩(ばん)に入(はい)る
      Reiwa jidai nihairu, ban nihairu
      toenter theReiwa era, toenter into evening
    6. [from 1902] to beincluded and available foruse
      ノートに罫(けい)が入(はい)った
      nōto ni kei gahaitta
      in the notebook, lines arein it → the notebook has linesin it → the notebookhasruled pages
    7. 入る,挿入る:(sex, specifically, of a penis, etc.) toenter
    Conjugation
    [edit]
    Conjugation of "入る" (SeeAppendix:Japanese verbs)
    Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
    Mizenkei ("imperfective")入らはいらhaira
    Ren’yōkei ("continuative")入りはいりhairi
    Shūshikei ("terminal")入るはいるhairu
    Rentaikei ("attributive")入るはいるhairu
    Kateikei ("hypothetical")入れはいれhaire
    Meireikei ("imperative")入れはいれhaire
    Key constructions
    Passive入られるはいられるhairareru
    Causative入らせる
    入らす    		はいらせる
    はいらす    		hairaseru
    hairasu
    Potential入れるはいれるhaireru
    Volitional入ろうはいろうhairō
    Negative入らないはいらないhairanai
    Negative continuative入らずはいらずhairazu
    Formal入りますはいりますhairimasu
    Perfective入ったはいったhaitta
    Conjunctive入ってはいってhaitte
    Hypothetical conditional入ればはいればhaireba
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
      Kanji in this term
      入
      い
      Grade: 1
      kun'yomi
      Alternative spelling
      納る(rare)
      Japanese verb pair
      active入(い)れる
      mediopassive入(い)る

      FromOld Japanese. First attested in theMan'yōshū of 759.[6]

      For the development of theto be necessary sense, consider the English phraseto come into it in the senseto be a factor in something. In modern usage, this particular sense is more commonly spelled as要る.

      Pronunciation

      [edit]
      • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of入る
      Plain入るいる[ìrú]
      Conjunctive入っていって[ìtté]
      Perfective入ったいった[ìttá]
      Negative入らないいらない[ìránáí]
      Negative perfective入らなかったいらなかった[ìránáꜜkàttà]
      Hypothetical conditional入ればいれば[ìréꜜbà]
      Past conditional入ったらいったら[ìttáꜜrà]
      Imperative入れいれ[ìré]
      Volitional入ろういろー[ìróꜜò]
      Desiderative入りたいいりたい[ìrítáí]
      Formal入りますいります[ìrímáꜜsù]
      Formal negative入りませんいりません[ìrímáséꜜǹ]
      Formal volitional入りましょういりましょー[ìrímáshóꜜò]
      Formal perfective入りましたいりました[ìrímáꜜshìtà]
      Continuative入り
      入りに      		いり
      いりに      		[ìrí]
      [ìrí ní]
      Negative continuative入らず
      入らずに      		いらず
      いらずに      		[ìrázú]
      [ìrázú ní]
      Passive入られるいられる[ìrárérú]
      Causative入らせる
      入らす      		いらせる
      いらす      		[ìrásérú]
      [ìrású]
      Potential入れるいれる[ìrérú]

      Verb

      [edit]

      入(い)る• (iru) intransitive godan (stem入(い)り(iri),past入(い)った(itta))

      1. [from 759] togo in; tocome in
        • 2007,新時代日漢辭典 /新时代日汉辞典(Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition,大新書局 /大新书局(Dàxīn Shūjú),→ISBN:
          俺(おれ)の耳(みみ)に水(みず)が入(い)った
          Ore no mimi ni mizu gaitta
          Waterwent in my ear
      2. [from 900s]要る: to benecessary, to berequired
        お金(かね)がいるね
        okane gairu ne
        moneycomes into it → moneyis needed → you'll need money
      Usage notes
      [edit]
      • Mostly confined to fixed expressions and idioms.
      Conjugation
      [edit]
      Conjugation of "入る" (SeeAppendix:Japanese verbs)
      Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
      Mizenkei ("imperfective")入らいらira
      Ren’yōkei ("continuative")入りいりiri
      Shūshikei ("terminal")入るいるiru
      Rentaikei ("attributive")入るいるiru
      Kateikei ("hypothetical")入れいれire
      Meireikei ("imperative")入れいれire
      Key constructions
      Passive入られるいられるirareru
      Causative入らせる
      入らす      		いらせる
      いらす      		iraseru
      irasu
      Potential入れるいれるireru
      Volitional入ろういろうirō
      Negative入らないいらないiranai
      Negative continuative入らずいらずirazu
      Formal入りますいりますirimasu
      Perfective入ったいったitta
      Conjunctive入っていってitte
      Hypothetical conditional入ればいればireba
      Classical conjugation of "入る" (ラ行四段活用, seeAppendix:Japanese verbs.)
      Stem forms
      Irrealis (未然形)入らいらira
      Continuative (連用形)入りいりiri
      Terminal (終止形)入るいるiru
      Attributive (連体形)入るいるiru
      Realis (已然形)入れいれire
      Imperative (命令形)入れいれire
      Key constructions
      Negative入らずいらずirazu
      Contrasting conjunction入れどいれどiredo
      Causal conjunction入ればいればireba
      Conditional conjunction入らばいらばiraba
      Past tense (firsthand knowledge)入りきいりきiriki
      Past tense (secondhand knowledge)入りけりいりけりirikeri
      Perfect tense (conscious action)入りついりつiritu
      Perfect tense (natural event)入りぬいりぬirinu
      Perfect-continuative tense入れり
      入りたり      		いれり
      いりたり      		ireri
      iritari
      Volitional入らむいらむiramu
      Idioms
      [edit]
      Related terms
      [edit]

      Verb

      [edit]

      入(い)る• (iru) transitive †nidan

      1. to put something into something else
      Conjugation
      [edit]
      Classical conjugation of "入る" (ラ行下二段活用, seeAppendix:Japanese verbs.)
      Stem forms
      Irrealis (未然形)入れいれire
      Continuative (連用形)入れいれire
      Terminal (終止形)入るいるiru
      Attributive (連体形)入るるいるるiruru
      Realis (已然形)入るれいるれirure
      Imperative (命令形)入れよいれよireyo
      Key constructions
      Negative入れずいれずirezu
      Contrasting conjunction入るれどいるれどiruredo
      Causal conjunction入るればいるればirureba
      Conditional conjunction入ればいればireba
      Past tense (firsthand knowledge)入れきいれきireki
      Past tense (secondhand knowledge)入れけりいれけりirekeri
      Perfect tense (conscious action)入れついれつiretu
      Perfect tense (natural event)入れぬいれぬirenu
      Perfect-continuative tense入れたりいれたりiretari
      Volitional入れむいれむiremu

      Derived terms

      [edit]

      References

      [edit]
      1. ↑1.01.11.21.3“はい・る［はひる］ 【入・這入】Paid subscription required”, in日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2000-2002, released online 2007,→ISBN, concise edition entry availablehere
      2. ^Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998),広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition,Tokyo:Iwanami Shoten,→ISBN
      3. ↑3.03.13.2Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
      4. ↑4.04.14.2Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997),新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
      5. ↑5.05.1NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese),Tokyo:NHK Publishing, Inc.,→ISBN
      6. ↑6.06.16.2“い・る 【入・要】Paid subscription required”, in日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2000-2002, released online 2007,→ISBN, concise edition entry availablehere
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