Stroke order
兄 Kangxi radical 10,儿 +3, 5 strokes,cangjie input 口竹山 (RHU ),four-corner 60210 ,composition ⿱口 儿 )
兌 ,兑 ,況 (况 ),祝 ,呪 ,柷 ,貺 (贶 ),㚾 ,眖 ,𤔓 ,𪺎 ,怳 ,㫛 ,𰃋 ,𣅷 ,𣍦 ,炾 ,𦬺 ,岲 ,𡶢 ,𠩣 ,𪾍 ,軦 ,𭀢 ,𬞁 ,𮞈 Kangxi Dictionary:page 123 , character 9 Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1343 Dae Jaweon: page 259, character 3 Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 266, character 4 Unihan data for U+5144 Historical forms of the character兄 Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi Han )Liushutong (compiled inMing )Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts j20630
j20631
j20632
j20633
j20634
j20635
j20636
j20637
j20638
j20639
j20640
j20641
j20642
j20643
j20644
j20645
j20646
j20647
j20648
j20649
j20650
j20651
j20652
j20653
j20654
j20655
j20656
j20657
j20658
j20659
j20660
j20661
j20662
j20663
j20664
j20665
j20666
j20667
j20668
j20669
j20670
j20671
j20672
j20673
j20674
j20675
j20676
j20677
j20678
j20679
j20680
j20681
j20682
j20683
j20684
j20685
j20686
j20687
j20688
j20689
j20690
j20691
j20692
j20693
j20694
j20695
j20696
j20697
j20698
j20699
j20700
j20701
j20702
j20703
j20704
j20705
j20706
j20707
j20708
j20709
j20710
j20711
j20712
j20713
j20714
j20715
j20716
j20717
j20718
j20719
j20720
j20721
j20722
j20723
j20724
j20725
j20726
j20727
j20728
j20729
j20730
j20731
j20732
j20733
j20734
j20735
j20736
j20737
j20738
j20739
j20740
j20741
j20742
j20743
j20744
b13475
b13476
b13477
b13478
b13479
b13480
b13481
b13482
b13483
b13484
b13485
b13486
b13487
b13488
b13489
b13490
b13491
b13492
b13493
b13494
b13495
b13496
b13497
b13498
b13499
b13500
b13501
b13502
b13504
s06205
Transcribed ancient scripts
L33193
L33194
L10751
L10752
L10753
L10754
L10755
L10756
L10757
L10758
L10759
References :
Mostly from Richard Sears'Chinese Etymology site (authorisation ),
Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),Liushutong (Liushutong characters) andYinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Old Chinese 怳 *hmaŋʔ 況 *hmaŋs 貺 *hmaŋs 况 *hmaŋs 兄 *hmraŋ
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意 口 儿 令 , in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders. Similar to欠 , in which there is a kneeling man with an open mouth.
FromProto-Sino-Tibetan *maŋ ( “ big; old; elder (brother, uncle) ” ) (Sagart, 1999 ; STEDT). Related to孟 OC *mraːŋs
Schuessler (2007) , instead, connects it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese[Term?] ( “ elder sibling ” ) , which is fromProto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔik ( “ elder brother ” ) .
Alternatively,Benedict (1972) relates it toProto-Sino-Tibetan *bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ ( “ (paternal) uncle; elder brother ” ) , which is possibly also related to伯 OC *praːɡ
Mandarin (Standard (Pinyin :xiōng (xiong1 )(Zhuyin :ㄒㄩㄥ (Chengdu ,Sichuanese Pinyin :xiong1 (Xi'an ,Guanzhong Pinyin :xiǒng (Nanjing ,Nanjing Pinyin :xiòn (Dungan ,Cyrillic andWiktionary :щүн (xün, I)Cantonese (Guangzhou –Hong Kong ,Jyutping :hing1 (Dongguan ,Jyutping++ :heang1 (Taishan ,Wiktionary :hen1 Gan (Wiktionary :xiang1 / xiung1 Hakka (Sixian ,PFS :hiûng (Hailu ,HRS :hiungˋ (Meixian ,Guangdong :hiung1 Jin (Wiktionary :xyng1 Northern Min (KCR :hiáng / hé̤ng Eastern Min (BUC :hiăng / hĭng Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing hia1 / hiann1 / hing1 Southern Min (Hokkien ,POJ :hiaⁿ /heng (Teochew ,Peng'im :hian1 (Leizhou , Leizhou Pinyin :hia1 / hiong1 Southern Pinghua (Nanning ,Jyutping++ :hiang1 , wiang1 Wu (Wugniu Xiang (Changsha ,Wiktionary :xiong1 (Loudi ,Wiktionary :xyn1 (Hengyang ,Wiktionary :xin1 Note :
hia1/hiann1 - vernacular; hing1 - literary. Southern Min (Hokkien Xiamen Quanzhou Zhangzhou Jinjiang Nan'an Zhangpu Longyan Kaohsiung Taipei Tainan Sanxia Yilan Kinmen Magong Lukang Singapore Philippines Pe̍h-ōe-jī hiaⁿ Tâi-lô hiann Phofsit Daibuun hviaf IPA (Longyan /hiã³³⁴/ IPA (Zhangpu /hiã⁵⁵/ IPA (Quanzhou Jinjiang Nan'an Lukang Philippines /hiã³³/ IPA (Xiamen Zhangzhou Kaohsiung Taipei Tainan Yilan Kinmen Singapore /hiã⁴⁴/ (Hokkien Xiamen Quanzhou Zhangzhou GeneralTaiwanese ) Note :
hiaⁿ - vernacular; heng - literary. Note :
hia1 - vernacular; hiong1 - literary. Southern Pinghua Wu (Northern Shanghai Jiading Songjiang Chongming Suzhou Kunshan Changzhou Jiaxing Hangzhou Shaoxing Ningbo Zhoushan (Jinhua Xiang Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )Character 兄 Reading # 1/1 Modern xiōng Middle ‹ xjwæng › Old /*m̥raŋ/ English elder brother Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
兄
elder brother elder male cousin 堂兄 tángxiōng brother ( male friend of the same generation ) ( Hokkien , familiar ) respectful honorific usedafter a name for anelder brother or anymale senior Mister ;Brother Dialectal synonyms of
哥哥 (“elder brother”)
[map] Variety Location Words Classical Chinese 兄 Formal(Written Standard Chinese ) 哥哥 兄長 Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 哥哥 哥 Taiwan 哥哥 哥 Harbin 哥哥 Shenyang 哥哥 Malaysia 哥哥 Singapore 哥哥 Jilu Mandarin Jinan 哥哥 Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai(Muping) 哥 Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 哥 Wanrong 哥 Xi'an 哥 Xining 阿哥 Xuzhou 哥哥 Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 哥哥 Ürümqi 哥哥 哥 阿哥 Hui, >< Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 哥哥 哥 哥老倌兒 哥老倌 Wuhan 哥哥 Guiyang 哥哥 哥 Kunming 哥哥 Liuzhou 哥 Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 哥哥 Yangzhou 哥哥 哥 Hefei 哥哥 Cantonese Guangzhou 大佬 阿哥 哥哥 >< Hong Kong 大佬 阿哥 哥哥 Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou) 哥哥 >< 大佬 <> 阿哥 <> Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou) 哥哥 >< 大佬 <> Hong Kong(Ting Kok) 阿哥 Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau) 哥哥 >< 阿哥 <> Macau 阿哥 >< 大佬 Guangzhou(Panyu) 阿哥 >< 大哥 大佬 <> Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Guangzhou(Conghua) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Guangzhou(Zengcheng) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Foshan 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai) 阿哥 Foshan(Shunde) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Foshan(Sanshui) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Zhongshan(Shiqi) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Zhuhai(Doumen) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Jiangmen(Baisha) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Jiangmen(Xinhui) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Taishan 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> 哥 Kaiping(Chikan) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Enping(Niujiang) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Heshan(Yayao) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Dongguan 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Yangjiang 大佬 阿哥 Nanning 阿哥 哥哥 大佬 Wuzhou 阿哥 哥哥 大佬 Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu) 阿哥 >< 大佬 <> Singapore(Guangfu) 大佬 哥哥 Gan Nanchang 哥哥 >< 兄 <> Lichuan 哥 >< 兄 <> Hakka Meixian 阿哥 Xingning 阿哥 Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua) 阿哥 Huiyang 阿哥 Huidong(Daling) 阿哥 Dongguan(Qingxi) 阿哥 Shenzhen(Shatoujiao) 阿哥 Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui) 阿哥 Wuhua(Shuizhai) 阿哥 Wuhua(Huacheng) 阿哥 Wuhua(Changbu) 阿哥 Wuhua(Mianyang) 阿哥 Wuhua(Meilin) 阿哥 Heyuan(Bendihua) 阿哥 Wengyuan 阿哥 Shaoguan(Qujiang) 哥哥 Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang) 阿哥 Liannan 阿哥 Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua) 阿哥 Jiexi 阿哥 哥 Luhe 阿哥 Zhao'an(Xiuzhuan) 阿哥 Changting 老伯 Wuping 老伯 Wuping(Yanqian) 老伯哩 Wuping(Pingyu) 哥 Liancheng 老伯 Ninghua 老伯 Yudu 哥哥 老伯 Ningdu 哥哥 Ruijin 哥哥 老兄 Shicheng 老伯 Shangyou(Shexi) 老伯 Tonggu(Sandu) 哥哥 Ganzhou(Panlong) 老伯 Dayu 哥哥 Miaoli(N. Sixian) 阿哥 Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian) 阿哥 Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu) 阿哥 Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu) 阿哥 Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping) 阿哥 Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an) 阿哥 Hong Kong 阿哥 Yangxi(Tangkou) 阿哥 Yangchun(Sanjia) 阿哥 Xinyi(Sihe) 大佬 Xinyi(Qianpai) 阿哥 大佬 Gaozhou(Xindong) 阿哥 Maoming(Shalang, Dianbai) 阿哥 Huazhou(Xin'an) 阿哥 Lianjiang(Shijiao) 阿哥 Lianjiang(Qingping) 阿哥 大哥 Mengshan(Xihe) 哥 Luchuan 哥 Sabah(Bao'an) 阿哥 Sabah(Longchuan) 阿哥 Senai(Huiyang) 阿哥 Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa(Hepo) 阿哥 Singkawang 阿哥 Huizhou Jixi 哥哥 Jin Taiyuan 哥哥 哥 Northern Min Jian'ou 哥仔 哥哥 Eastern Min Fuzhou 依哥 Fuqing 哥 阿哥 Matsu 依哥 Singapore(Fuqing) 阿哥 Southern Min Xiamen 阿兄 阿哥 兄哥 俺兄 Quanzhou 阿兄 Jinjiang 大兄 Hui'an 阿兄 阿哥 Yongchun 阿哥 哥 阿兄 兄 Dehua 阿兄 Zhangzhou 阿兄 咉兄 <> Zhao'an 兄 阿兄 Taipei 阿兄 New Taipei(Sanxia) 阿兄 Kaohsiung 兄哥 Yilan 阿兄 Changhua(Lukang) 阿兄 Taichung 大兄 Taichung(Wuqi) 阿兄 Tainan 阿哥 兄哥 兄哥仔 Taitung 大兄 Hsinchu 阿兄 Kinmen 阿兄 Penghu(Magong) 阿兄 Penang(Hokkien) 阿哥 哥 哥哥 Singapore(Hokkien) 阿兄 大兄 Manila(Hokkien) 阿兄 Chaozhou 阿兄 Shantou 阿兄 Jieyang 阿兄 Bangkok(Teochew) 阿兄 Johor Bahru(Teochew) 阿兄 Singapore(Teochew) 阿兄 Leizhou 兄 >< 尼兄 <> Wenchang 阿哥 Haikou 阿兄 >< 阿哥 >< 兄 <> Singapore(Hainanese) 阿哥 Puxian Min Putian 阿兄 Xianyou 阿兄 Zhongshan Min Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi) 哥 >< 大佬 <> Southern Pinghua Nanning(Tingzi) 阿哥 Wu Shanghai 阿哥 哥哥 Shanghai(Chongming) 阿哥 Suzhou 阿哥 Danyang 哥哥 Hangzhou 阿哥 哥哥 Ningbo 哥哥 阿哥 Wenzhou 阿大 哥哥 Jinhua 哥哥 >< 哥 <> Xiang Changsha 老兄 哥哥 Shuangfeng 老兄 哥哥 Hengyang 老兄 <> 哥哥 >< Note >< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face
兄
(Second grade kyōiku kanji )
elder /older brother honorific referencing anolder brother figure Go-on きょう ( kyō Jōyō† ) ←きやう ( kyau historical ) ←くゐやう ( kwiyau ancient ) Kan-on けい ( kei Jōyō ) ←けい ( kei historical ) ←くゑい ( kwei ancient ) Tō-on ひん ( hin ) Kun あに ( ani 兄 Jōyō ) にい ( nī 兄 ) 、にいさん ( nī san兄さん ) 、え ( e 兄 ) ←え ( e 兄 historical ) ←𛀁 ( ye 兄 ) 、せ ( se 兄 ) Nanori えだ ( eda ) ←えだ ( eda historical ) ←𛀁だ ( yeda ancient ) 、これ ( kore ) 、さき ( saki ) 、しげ ( shige ) 、ただ ( tada ) 、ね ( ne ) 、よし ( yoshi ) FromOld Japanese
Probably originally a compound of吾 ( a ,Eastern Old Japanese first-person pronoun ) +の ( no ,possessive particle ) +兄 ( ye → e ,“ eldest sibling ” ,see below ) :[ 1] ⟨a no2 ye⟩ → */anʉʲɨe/ →/ani/ Alternatively, anapophonic form of姉 ( ane ,“ elder sister ” ) , itself possibly from the same derivation above.[ 2] Several other theories have also been suggested.[ 1] 兄( あに ) • (ani
elder brother elderbrother-in-law Synonym: 義兄 ( gikei ) short for花の兄 ( hana no ani ) : alternative name for the梅 ( ume ) , theJapanese plum (Prunus mume ( elder brother ) : This term conveys neither positive nor negative connotations and is often used in objective narrations. However, using it to describe someone the speaker knows personally is often considered lacking respect, where more polite forms likeお兄( にい ) さん ( onīsan ) are preferred.*/kwæi/ →/kʷæi/ →/keː/
FromMiddle Chinese 兄 MC
Pitch accent for suffix unknown. 兄( けい ) • (kei
( rare ) elder brother Coordinate term: 弟 ( tei ) 兄( けい ) • (kei
pronoun referencing anolder brother figure :you ,he 兄( けい ) • (-kei
attaches to a name referencing anolder brother figure :Mister ,Mr. /je/ →/e/
FromOld Japanese
兄( え ) • (e
( archaic ) eldest sibling Antonym: 弟 ( oto ) , texthere 加都賀都母( かつがつも ) 伊夜佐岐陀弖流( いやさきだてる ) 延( 𛀁 ) 袁斯麻加牟( をしまかむ ) [Man'yōgana ] かつがつ もいや先( さき ) 立( だ ) てる兄( え ) 枕( ま ) かむ[Modern spelling] katsugatsu mo iya sakidaterue o shi makamu If I have to choose, the one standing there in front―theeldest one I'll wed.[ 5] FromOld Japanese
兄( せ ) • (se
( archaic ) woman 'sbrother ( regardless of age difference ) ( archaic ) woman 'slover orhusband ( archaic ) familiar man FromOld Japanese
Originally a compound of子 ( ko ,“ child ” ) +の ( no ,possessive particle ) +上 ( kami ,“ upper ” ) .[ 3] [ 6]
兄( このかみ ) • (konokami
( archaic ) eldest son Synonyms: 長兄 ( chōkei ) ,長男 ( chōnan ) ( archaic ) senior Synonym: 年長者 ( nenchōsha ) ( archaic , by extension) elder sibling ( archaic ) head of aclan ( archaic ) skilled craftsman Synonym: 頭 ( kashira ) ↑1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988 ),国語大辞典（新装版） Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition) Tōkyō :Shogakukan ,→ISBN ^ Matsuoka Shizuo (1929 ),日本古語大辞典 Comprehensive Dictionary of Archaic Japanese [1] アネ（姉） , page56 : “之からアニといふ語が分派した ―The wordani developed from this ↑3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira , editor (2006 ),大辞林 Daijirin Tokyo :Sanseidō ,→ISBN ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute , editor (1998 ),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent DictionaryTokyo :NHK Publishing, Inc. ,→ISBN ^ Edwin A. Cranston (1998 ),The Gem-Glistening Cup (Volume 1 of A Waka Anthology), illustrated, reprint edition, Stanford University Press,→ISBN 17 ^ Matsumura, Akira , editor (1995 ),大辞泉 Daijisen Tokyo :Shogakukan ,→ISBN FromMiddle Chinese 兄 MC
Historical readings Dongguk Jeongun reading Dongguk Jeongun , 1448ᄒᆑᇰ (Yale :hyyèng )Middle Korean Text Eumhun Gloss (hun ) Reading Hunmong Jahoe , 1527[3] ᄆᆞᆮ Yale :mòt )혀ᇰ Yale :hyèng )
兄 (eumhun 형 형 ( hyeong hyeong ) )
hanja form? 형 ( “ older brother of amale ” ) [noun] 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典 .[4] Borrowed fromMiddle Chinese 兄 MC
兄( 혀ᇰ ) HYÈNG )
elder brother 혀ᇰ ( hyèng ) ( Hangul spelling ) Jeju:성 ( seong ) Central Korean:형 ( hyeong ) Gyeongsang Korean:성 ( seong ) 兄 :Hán Nôm huynh
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