儒 (Kangxi radical 9,人+14, 16 strokes,cangjie input人一月月 (OMBB),four-corner2122₇,composition⿰亻需)

• 𡃽,𮒯

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 119, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1220
• Dae Jaweon: page 253, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 230, character 9
• Unihan data for U+5112

Historical forms of the character儒
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script s05667 Transcribed ancient scripts L30678 L30679 L30680 L03118 L03119 L03120 L03121 L03111 L03112 L03113 L03114 L03115 L03116 L03117
References: Mostly from Richard Sears'Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*njo): semantic 亻(“human”) + phonetic 需(OC*sno).

Origin obscure. Chen (2013)^[1] – followingXu Shen'sShuowen Jiezi, etc. – links儒 (OC*njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to柔 (OC*mlju, “soft”) and懦 (OC*noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) "probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility".

儒

1. scholar;learnedperson

   儒林外史  ― Rúlín wàishǐ  ― Unofficial History of theScholars(a satirical novel by吳敬梓Wu Jingzi)

   • 子謂子夏曰：「女為君子儒，無為小人儒。」[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     子谓子夏曰：「女为君子儒，无为小人儒。」[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From: TheAnalects of Confucius,c. 475 – 221BCE

     Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐrú, wú wèi xiǎorénrú.”[Pinyin]

     The Master said to Zi Xia, "Do you be ascholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man."

   • 以九兩系邦國之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     以九两系邦国之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From:Rites of Zhou, circa 3^rd centuryBCE

     Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuērú, yǐ dào dé mín........[Pinyin]

     Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: [...] the fourth are called thescholars, who use moral principles to procure people. [...].

2. Confucian;Ruist

   • 通天、地、人曰儒，通天、地而不通人曰伎。[Classical Chinese,trad. andsimp.]

     From:Yang Xiong,Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9CE

     Tōng tiān, dì, rén yuērú, tōng tiān, dì ér bùtōng rén yuē jì.[Pinyin]

     Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Earth, and Man is calledru (Confucian). Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven and Earth, but not understanding Man, is called "clever."

3. Confucianism;Ruism

   • 孟子曰：「逃墨必歸於楊，逃楊必歸於儒。歸，斯受之而已矣。今之與楊墨辯者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又從而招之。」[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     孟子曰：「逃墨必归于杨，逃杨必归于儒。归，斯受之而已矣。今之与杨墨辩者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又从而招之。」[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From:Mencius,c. 4^th centuryBCE

     Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yúRú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”[Pinyin]

     Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors ofMohism naturally turn toYangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn toRuism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'

4. weak;cowardly
5. asurname

• “儒”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00253

(Jōyō kanji)

1. Confucianism
2. Confucianist

• Go-on:にゅう(nyū)
• Kan-on:じゅ(ju,Jōyō)
• Kun:やわらか(yawaraka)、うるおす(uruosu)、したがう(shitagau)

• 儒学(じゅがく)(jugaku)
• 儒教(じゅきょう)(jukyō)
• 碩儒(せきじゅ)(sekiju)
• 宋儒(そうじゅ)(sōju)

FromMiddle Chinese儒 (MC nyu).

• (SK Standard/Seoul)IPA^(key):[ju]
• Phonetic hangul:[유]

KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

儒

Wikisource

儒 (eumhun선비유(seonbi yu))

1. hanja form^? of유(“scholar”)
2. hanja form^? of유(“Confucianism”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[3]

儒:Hán Nôm readings:nho^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]},nhu^[1][2][5][7],nhô^[8][6]

1. scholar
2. Confucianism
3. Confucianist
4. chữ Nho (Sino-vietnamese word)

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