Stroke order

伯 (Kangxi radical 9,人+5, 7 strokes,cangjie input人竹日 (OHA),four-corner2620₀,composition⿰亻白)

• 𪡈,𫼻,𣵁,𬂺,𣨔,𦀪,𮘓,𧇚,𠩡,𪧐,𦯉,𮅓,𬡹,𨵁,𦼑,𦿛,𪥷,𢍑,𧎧,𦪥,𧑲,𩥥,𨘐

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 96, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 466
• Dae Jaweon: page 204, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 136, character 2
• Unihan data for U+4F2F

Historical forms of the character伯
Shang	Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j18802 Bronze inscriptions b12252 Small seal script s05673 Transcribed ancient scripts L38151 L38152 L38153 L38154 L38155 L38156 L27760 L27761 L27762 L27763 L27764 L27765 L27766 L27767 L27768 L27769
References: Mostly from Richard Sears'Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*praːɡ): semantic 人(“person”) + phonetic 白(OC*braːɡ).

Unclear. Possibly anareal word (Schuessler, 2007). CompareMru[script needed](rak,“eldest brother”) and Kukishprak(“eldest brother”) (Löffler, 1966), as well asLahuphâ(“god; lord”) <Thaiพระ(prá) <Old Khmerbra orAngkorian Old Khmerbraḥ,braḥh,brah(“distinguished;divine;excellent;holy;sacred;superior; etc.”) (seeKhmerព្រះ(preăh) for more).

Possibly related toProto-Sino-Tibetan*bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ(“(paternal) uncle; elder brother”), in turn possibly related to兄 (OC*hmraŋ, “elder brother”) (Benedict, 1972).

Alternatively, from白 (OC*braːɡ, “white”); compare皤 (OC*paːl, *baːl, “white”), which underwent parallel semantic shift to "white-haired", though this is possibly folk etymology (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 3 is the exoactive/transitive of pronunciation 1 (ibid.).

伯

1. (archaic)eldestbrother
2. paternal uncle;father'selder brother

   三伯、三伯娘[Cantonese,trad. andsimp.]

   saam¹baak³, saam¹baak³ noeng⁴[Jyutping]

   father's third elder brother; wife of a father's third elder brother

3. form of address forseniormales
4. (historical)count(rank)

   See also:五等爵位

   • 晉侯、秦伯圍鄭，以其無禮於晉，且貳於楚也。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     晋侯、秦伯围郑，以其无礼于晋，且贰于楚也。[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From:Commentary of Zuo,c. 4^th centuryBCE

     Jìn hóu, Qínbó wéi Zhèng, yǐ qí wúlǐ yú Jìn, qiě èr yú Chǔ yě.[Pinyin]

     The Marquis of Jin and theEarl of Qin laid siege to [the capital of] Zheng, under the pretext of the [Earl of] Zheng's disrespectful treatments towards [Marquis of] Jin and double-mindedness towards Chu.

5. (Jilu Mandarin)mother
6. (Jilu Mandarin)paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)
7. (Wu)paternal aunt (father's sister)
8. asurname

In Old Chinese, sons of a same father are referred to in order as伯 (bó, “first”),仲 (zhòng, “second”),叔 (shū, “third”) and季 (jì, “fourth”). The usage of仲 and季 was later eliminated but伯 and叔 remained in use when referring to one's father's elder and younger brothers and male cousins. Moreover,伯仲叔季 (bózhòngshūjì) was commonly used in personal names in the past, and this is still occasionally seen nowadays.

Others:

• →? Proto-Turkic:*bēg (see there for further descendants)
• → Manchu:ᠪᡝ(be)
• → Thai:แปะ(bpɛ̀),แป๊ะ(bpɛ́,“old Chinese man”) (via Teochew)
• → Vietnamese:bác(“uncle, aunt”)

伯

1. only used in大伯子 (dàbǎizi, “husband's elder brother”)

伯

1. (obsolete)alternative form of霸(“feudal chief”)

   • 十七年，襄王告急于晉，晉文公納王而誅叔帶。襄王乃賜晉文公珪鬯弓矢，為伯，以河內地與晉。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     十七年，襄王告急于晋，晋文公纳王而诛叔带。襄王乃赐晋文公珪鬯弓矢，为伯，以河内地与晋。[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From: TheRecords of the Grand Historian, bySima Qian,c. 91BCE

     Shíqī nián, Xiāngwáng gàojí yú Jìn, Jìn Wéngōng nà wáng ér zhū Shūdài. Xiāngwáng nǎi cì Jìn Wéngōng guī chàng gōngshǐ, wéibà, yǐ Hénèi dì yǔ Jìn.[Pinyin]

     In the 17th year,King Xiang announced an emergency to (and asked for emergency help from) Jin;Duke Wen of Jin took the King in then slew Shudai. The King therefore bestowed upon Duke Wen of Jin a jade tablet, sacrificial wine, bow, and arrows, made himHegemon / Overlord, and granted Jin lands on the inside of the Yellow River.

2. (obsolete)alternative form of霸(“to dominate; to lead”)

   • 文王伐崇，武王伐紂，齊桓任戰而伯天下。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
     文王伐崇，武王伐纣，齐桓任战而伯天下。[Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From:Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuriesBCE

     Wénwáng fá Chóng, Wǔwáng fá Zhòu, Qí Huán rèn zhàn érbà tiānxià.[Pinyin]

     King Wen of Zhou smote Chonghou Hu; King Wu of Zhou smote King Zhou of Shang; Duke Huan of Qi used wars todominate the world.

• “伯”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
• 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “伯”, in漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House,→ISBN
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00125
• 李如龙[Li, Ru-long];刘福铸[Liu, Fu-zhu];吴华英[Wu, Hua-ying];黄国城[Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “伯”, in莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min),Xiamen University Press,→ISBN, page264.

(Jōyō kanji)

1. count;earl
2. eldestbrother; eldestuncle
3. chiefofficial
4. (abbreviation)Brazil

• Go-on:ひゃく(hyaku)、へ(he)
• Kan-on:はく(haku,Jōyō)、は(ha)
• Kun:おさ(osa,伯)、はたがしら(hatagashira,伯)

FromMiddle Chinese伯 (MC paek).

• (Tokyo)はく[háꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ha̠kɯ̟]

伯(はく)• (haku) 

1. count;earl
2. short forブラジル／伯剌西爾(Burajiru,“Brazil (acountry)”)

FromMiddle Chinese伯 (MC paek). Recorded asMiddle Koreanᄇᆡᆨ〮(póyk) (Yale:poyk) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

伯

伯 (eumhun맏백(mat baek))
伯 (eumhun큰아버지백(keunabeoji baek))

1. hanja form^? of백(“eldestbrother”)

   Synonym:昆(곤(gon))

2. hanja form^? of백(“father'selder brother”)

伯 (eumhun두목패(dumok pae))
伯 (eumhun우두머리패(udumeori pae))

1. hanja form^? of패(“feudalchief;chieftain;feudalrankcount;earl (abolished in the late 14th century)”)

• 패주 (伯主,paeju)

• 佰(백(baek),“centurion”)
• 汗(한(han),“Khan”)
• 可汗(가한(gahan),“khagan”)

伯 (eumhun길맥(gil maek))

1. (Literary Chinese)alternative form of陌(맥(maek))

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[2]

伯:Hán Việt readings:bá^{[1][2][3][4][5]},bác^[5]
伯:Nôm readings:bá^[1][2][3],bác^[2][3][6]

1. chữ Hán form ofbá(“paternal uncle;father'solder brother”)

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