today; modern; present today; modern; present; current; this; now | morning; to face; towards morning; to face; towards; facing; direct; a dynasty; the imperial court; Korea, esp. N. Korea (abbrev.) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad.(今朝) | 今 | 朝 | |
| simp.#(今朝) | 今 | 朝 | |
| alternative forms | 跟朝dialectal 根朝dialectal | ||
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 今 | 朝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 宵 (92) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 居吟切 | 陟遙切 |
| Baxter | kim | trjew |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiɪm/ | /ʈˠiᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚim/ | /ʈᵚiɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiem/ | /ȶiæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjim/ | /ʈiaw/ |
| Li Rong | /kjəm/ | /ȶjɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭĕm/ | /ȶĭɛu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯əm/ | /ȶi̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīn | zhāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam1 | ziu1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 今 | 朝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīn | zhāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kim › | ‹ trjew › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]r[ə]m/ | /*t<r>aw/ |
| English | now | morning |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 今 | 朝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 6599 | 1307 |
| Phonetic component | 今 | 朝 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 金 | 朝 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯm/ | /*ʔr'ew/ |
| Notes | 文源謂含初文 | 甲文作日月同在草中表清晨， 非舟聲 |
今朝
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 今 | 朝 |
| けさ | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun | |
FromOld Japanese. Originally a compound of此(ke,“this”) +朝(asa,“morning”).
The initial/ke/ is an alternative form of the initial/ko/ (此, “this”) seen in words such asここ(koko,“this place → here”) orこれ(kore,“this [nominal] → this”), and the final/sa/ is a contraction from */ke.asa/ to/kesa/ with themedial-a- falling out, as Old Japanese did not permit vowel clusters.
It is the same element found in今日(kepu→kyō,“today”).
The use of the kanji今(“now”) instead of此(“this”) is an example ofjukujikun (熟字訓).
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 今 | 朝 |
| こん Grade: 2 | ちょう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
/konteu/ →/kontjoː/
FromMiddle Chinese compound今朝 (MC kim trjew, literally “now morning”). The/eu/ →/joː/ sound shift is a regular phonological change.
| 時(“Time”) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 日(“Day”) | 週(“Week”) | 月(“Month”) | 年(“Year”) | 暁(“Morning”) | 朝(“Morning”) | 夕(“Evening”) | 晩(“Evening”) | 夜(“Night”) | ||
| Every | 毎日,日日 | 毎週 | 毎月,月月 | 毎年,年年 | 毎朝 | 毎晩 | 毎夜 | |||
| Every other | 隔週 | 隔月 | 隔年 | |||||||
| Whole | 日間,日中,終日 | 週間 | 月間 | 年間,年中,終年 | 夜間,夜中,終夜 | |||||
| Half | 半日 | 半月 | 半年 | |||||||
| Absolute | −3 | 一昨昨日,一昨々日 | 一昨昨年,再昨年 | |||||||
| −2 | 一昨日 | 先々週 | 先々月 | 一昨年 | 一昨朝 | 一昨晩 | 一昨夜 | |||
| −1 | 昨日 | 先週,昨週 | 先月,後月,去月,昨月 | 去年,昨年,旧年 | 昨暁 | 昨朝 | 昨夕 | 昨晩 | 昨夜 | |
| 0 | 今日,本日 | 今週 | 今月,本月 | 今年,本年 | 今暁 | 今朝 | 今夕 | 今晩,今宵 | 今夜 | |
| +1 | 明日 | 来週,次週 | 来月 | 来年,明年 | 明朝 | 明晩 | 明夜 | |||
| +2 | 明後日 | 再来週 | 再来月 | 再来年,明後年 | ||||||
| +3 | 明明後日,弥の明後日 | |||||||||
| +4 | 弥の明後日,明明後日,明明明後日 | |||||||||
| Relative | −2 | 前前日 | 前前週 | 前前月 | 前前年 | |||||
| −1 | 前日 | 前週 | 前月 | 前年 | 前夕 | 前夜 | ||||
| 0 | 当日,同日 | 当週 | 当月 | 当年,同年 | 当夜 | |||||
| +1 | 翌日 | 翌週 | 翌月 | 翌年 | 翌朝 | 翌晩 | ||||
| +2 | 翌翌日 | 翌翌週 | 翌翌月 | 翌翌年 | ||||||
| Usage note: 前 and 翌 may be repeated further or instead use the々 iteration mark | ||||||||||