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什

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:甚

什	U+4EC0,什 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC0

←亿
[U+4EBF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

仁 →
[U+4EC1]

什	U+F9FD,什 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FD

←識
[U+F9FC]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

茶 →
[U+F9FE]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

什 (Kangxi radical 9,人+2, 4 strokes,cangjie input人十 (OJ),four-corner2420₀,composition⿰亻十)

Derived characters

𠯰,𪭡,𨑮,𱑐,𦬯

References

Kangxi Dictionary:page 91, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 348
Dae Jaweon: page 192, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 108, character 2
Unihan data for U+4EC0

Unihan data for U+F9FD

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character什
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)
Qin slip script	Small seal script

Small seal script s05782 Transcribed ancient scripts L38517
References: Mostly from Richard Sears'Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the samephonetic series (十)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
針	kjum, kjums
汁	*kjub
卙	*kʰljub
十	*ɡjub
什	*ɡjub

Etymology 1

trad.		什/甚^*
simp.		什

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin):shén,shé (shen²,she²)
(Zhuyin):ㄕㄣˊ, ㄕㄜˊ
Cantonese(Jyutping):sam⁶
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):sing⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):sím
(Teochew,Peng'im):sim⁶ / sib⁸
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁷seq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:shén
  - Zhuyin:ㄕㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:shén
  - Wade–Giles:shên²
  - Yale:shén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:shern
  - Palladius:шэнь(šɛnʹ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʂən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:shé
  - Zhuyin:ㄕㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:shé
  - Wade–Giles:shê²
  - Yale:shé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:sher
  - Palladius:шэ(šɛ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʂɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:sam⁶
  - Yale:sahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin:sam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization:sem⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sɐm²²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:sing⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:sīng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬiŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:sing⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬiŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sím
  - Tâi-lô:sím
  - Phofsit Daibuun:siem
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/sim⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/sim⁵⁵⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/sim⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/sim⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/sim⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:sim⁶ / sib⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:sĭm / si̍p
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sim³⁵/, /sip̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁷seq
  - MiniDict:seh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):⁴seq
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/səʔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

什

only used in什麼／什么 (shénme)

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. andtrad.		什

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin):shí (shi²)
(Zhuyin):ㄕˊ
Cantonese(Jyutping):sap⁶ /zaap⁶
Hakka(Sixian,PFS):sṳ̍p
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):sih⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):si̍p
(Teochew,Peng'im):zab⁸
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁸zeq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:shí
  - Zhuyin:ㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:shíh
  - Wade–Giles:shih²
  - Yale:shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:shyr
  - Palladius:ши(ši)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:sap⁶ / zaap⁶
  - Yale:sahp / jaahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin:sap⁹ / dzaap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization:seb⁶ / zab⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sɐp̚²/, /t͡saːp̚²/

Note:

sap6 - literary;
zaap6 - variant (“miscellaneous” or alternative form of雜).

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:sṳ̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System:siib
  - Hagfa Pinyim:sib⁶
  - SinologicalIPA:/sɨp̚⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian,Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:sih⁷
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:si̍h
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬiʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:si̍p
  - Tâi-lô:si̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun:sip
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/sip̚⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/sip̚²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/sip̚¹²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/sip̚⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/sip̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:zab⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:tsa̍p
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sap̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁸zeq
  - MiniDict:zeh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):⁵zeq
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/zəʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese:dzyip

Rime
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	是執切
Baxter	dzyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑip̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiəp̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sap⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*t.[ɡ]əp/
(Zhengzhang):/*ɡjub/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyip ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[ɡ]əp/
English	troop of ten men
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
No.	11453
Phonetic component	十
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	十
Old Chinese	/*ɡjub/

Definitions

什

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, census)ten families
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)troop of tenmen
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)set of tenpoems
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)alternative form of十(shí,“ten”),usually used in fractions or multiples.
miscellaneous;assorted
alternative form of雜 /杂(zá)
asurname

Compounds

Etymology 3

simp. andtrad.		什

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin):zá (za²)
(Zhuyin):ㄗㄚˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:zá
  - Zhuyin:ㄗㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:zá
  - Wade–Giles:tsa²
  - Yale:dzá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:tzar
  - Palladius:цза(cza)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sä³⁵/

Definitions

什

used in通什

Etymology 4

simp. andtrad.		什

Pronunciation

Southern Min(Hokkien,POJ):siáⁿ /sáⁿ /siahⁿ /sahⁿ

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:siáⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:siánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:sviar
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/siã⁵⁵⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/siã⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Taipei):/siã⁵³/
- (Hokkien:Zhangzhou,variant inTaiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sáⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:sánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:svar
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou,Taipei):/sã⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/sã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien:Sanxia,Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:siahⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:siannh
  - Phofsit Daibuun:sviaq
- (Hokkien:Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sahⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:sannh
  - Phofsit Daibuun:svaq

Note: siahⁿ/sahⁿ - at the end of a phrase.

Definitions

什

(Hokkien)alternative form of啥(“what”)
- (Can wedate this quote?), “留戀什路用”,葉俊麟 (lyrics),邱芳德 (music), performed by陳一郎:
  腦海中的走馬燈　留戀什路用[Taiwanese Hokkien,trad.]
  脑海中的走马灯　留恋什路用[Taiwanese Hokkien,simp.]
  náu-hái tiong ê cháu-bé-teng, liû-loânsiáⁿ lō͘-ēng[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  What use is there to think with nostalgia about the horse lamp in my mind?
- (Can wedate this quote?), “愈遥远愈想你”,郭之仪 (lyrics),郭之仪 (music)‎^[1]performed by卓勤培:
  這到底是什日子[Hokkien,trad.]
  这到底是什日子[Hokkien,simp.]
  che tàu-té sīsiáⁿ li̍t-chí[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  What day is this actually?

References

“什”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆[Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “什”, in莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page208.

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 什

什

(Hyōgai kanji)

(financial, obsolete)ten

Readings

Go-on:じゅう(jū)^{←じふ(zifu,historical)}
Kan-on:しゅう(shū)^{←しふ(sifu,historical)}
Kun:くみ(kumi,什)、とお(tō,什)^{←とを(towo,什,historical)}、まじる(majiru,什じる)

Korean

Hanja

什• (sip, jip) (hangeul십,집,revised sip, jip,McCune–Reischauer sip, chip)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

什:Hán Nôm readings:thập,lặt,thậm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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