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| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
亥 (Kangxi radical 8,亠+4, 6 strokes,cangjie input卜女竹人 (YVHO),four-corner00802,composition⿳亠𠂈人 or⿱丶𠀔)
| simp. andtrad. | 亥 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | ⿻⿻一𠃋人 | |
| alternative forms | 㐪 𠀅 𢁓 𢁳 𠦇 | |
| Historical forms of the character亥 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References: Mostly from Richard Sears'Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pictogram (象形) – depiction uncertain. Some propose it depicts a plant's roots underground, possibly as the original form of荄 (OC*kɯː, *krɯː). Others propose it is an animal, similar in origin to豕.
Smith (2011) groups亥 (OC*ɡɯːʔ) in a word-family meaning "root, germ, generative core" along with荄 (OC *kɯ:, “grassroot”) →根 (OC*kɯːn, “root”),核 (OC*ɡrɯːɡ, “germ, kernel”),骸 (OC*ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”), and孩 (OC*ɡɯː, “child”). He suggests the derivation 荄根 "germ, sprout, root (n.)" → 孩 "to sprout" → 亥 "sprouting stage", i.e. "the moon’s first appearance", recalling月芽 lit. "moon sprout" → "crescent moon".
See核 (hé) for further etymology.
Later亥 (hài) and豕 (shǐ, “pig”) graphically converged.
As for亥 (OC*ɡɯːʔ)'s phonological association with the pig. Compare the following:
Ferlus (2013) notes亥 (OC*ɡɯːʔ) is a possible match to the Austroasiatic root, but there should be a final sonorant in Old Chinese.
| Variety | Location | 亥 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xai⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /xai⁵³/ /xai²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /xai⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /xɛ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /xɛ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /xai⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /xai⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /xɛ²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /xɛ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /xɛ¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /xai⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /xai³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /xai¹³/ /xe³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /xai²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /xæ²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /xae⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /xe̞⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xai⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /xæ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /xɛ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦe̞³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦe̞¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɦe³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /xɛ²²/ |
| Tunxi | /xa²⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xai⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɦai²¹/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /hai²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hoi⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /hoi⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɔi²²/ |
| Nanning | /hɔi²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hɔi²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hai²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɑi²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xuɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /hai³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /hai³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 亥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡改切 |
| Baxter | hojX |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʌiX/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦəiX/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɒiX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəjX/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣᴀiX/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɒiX/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɑ̆iX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoi6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 亥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hojX › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁəʔ/ |
| English | 12th earthly branch |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 亥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4828 |
| Phonetic component | 亥 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 亥 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯːʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象根荄爲荄之初文, 陳獨秀說 |
亥
{{rfdef}}.| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 亥 |
| い Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 亥 |
| がい Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi |
FromMiddle Chinese亥(hojX).
{{rfdef}}.亥:Hán Việt readings:hợi[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
亥:Nôm readings:hãy[1],hỡi[1]