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中國

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:中国

Chinese

[edit]
middle; centre; within
middle; centre; within; among; in; while (doing something); during; China; Chinese; hit (the mark)
 
country; state; nation
trad.(中國)
simp.(中国)
anagram國中国中
Literally: “middle country; central country”.
Wikipedia has articles on:

Pronunciation

[edit]


Rime
Character
Reading #1/21/1
Initial () (9) (28)
Final () (2) (132)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)OpenClosed
Division ()IIII
Fanqie
Baxtertrjuwngkwok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʈɨuŋ//kwək̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈiuŋ//kʷək̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȶiuŋ//kuək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈuwŋ//kwək̚/
Li
Rong
/ȶiuŋ//kuək̚/
Wang
Li
/ȶĭuŋ//kuək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ȶi̯uŋ//kwək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhōngguo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zung1gwak1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/21/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhōngguó
Middle
Chinese
‹ trjuwng ›‹ kwok ›
Old
Chinese
/*truŋ//*[C.q]ʷˁək/
Englishcenterstate (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/21/1
No.174075547
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
00
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tuŋ//*kʷɯːɡ/
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Gan”
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Jin”
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Xiang”
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Northern Min”

Etymology 1

[edit]

Earliest attested on theWestern Zhou bronze vesselHe zun. SeeNames of China#Zhongguo.

大邑商中或[Pre-Classical Chinese,trad.]
大邑商中或[Pre-Classical Chinese,simp.]
From:He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)
Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zīZhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.[Pinyin]
WhenKing Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: "Let me dwell in this,the central region, and from here govern the people."

Proper noun

[edit]

中國

  1. China (acountry inAsia; capital:Beijing)
    中國和平崛起中国和平崛起  ― Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ  ― China's peaceful rise
    中國社會科學院中国社会科学院  ― Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn  ―  theChinese Academy of Social Sciences
    中國典籍英譯中国典籍英译  ― Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì  ―  English translations ofChinese classics
    干涉中國內政干涉中国内政  ― gānshèZhōngguó nèizhèng  ―  to interfere inChina's internal affairs
    中國首都北京[MSC,trad.]
    中国首都北京[MSC,simp.]
    Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.[Pinyin]
    The capital ofChina is Beijing.
    現在中國旅行[MSC,trad.]
    现在中国旅行[MSC,simp.]
    Tā xiànzài zàiZhōngguó lǚxíng.[Pinyin]
    He's travelling aroundChina right now.
    喜歡中國文學[MSC,trad.]
    喜欢中国文学[MSC,simp.]
    Nǐ xǐhuānZhōngguó wénxué ma?[Pinyin]
    Do you likeChinese literature?
Usage notes
[edit]

This word referred to various states and regions throughout history:

Synonyms
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  • (China):
edit
Derived terms
[edit]

Noun

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中國

  1. (Classical)royalcourt;imperial court; imperialhousehold; imperialgovernment
  2. (Classical)centralpart of acountry(historically, commonly known as thecapital city or themainregion, where anemperor or otherrulerresides)
  3. (Classical) theCentral Plain(area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)
  4. (Classical)people of theCentral Plain
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (royal court):
edit

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (中國):

Others:

Etymology 2

[edit]

Orthographic borrowing fromJapanese(ちゅう)(ごく)(Chūgoku), fromChinese中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).

Proper noun

[edit]

中國

  1. (~地方,地區) theChūgoku region of Japan

Etymology 3

[edit]

Semantic loan fromSanskritमध्यदेशे sg(madhyadeśe,locative, literallyin the Middle Country) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; seeKarashima, 2010) orमध्येषुजनपदेषु pl(madhyeṣu janapadeṣu,in [the] central countries) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the邊地边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), fromBuddhist Hybrid Sanskritप्रत्यन्तिम(pratyantima) /प्रत्यन्त(pratyanta) orPalipaccantima. Cognate to thePalimajjhimesujanapadesu(locative, literallyin the middlemost countries) in the text parallel to theEkottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.

Noun

[edit]

中國

  1. (Buddhism) "central countries"; lands with advancedcivilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism

Japanese

[edit]
Kanji in this term
ちゅう
Grade: 1
こく > ごく
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of中國 – see the following entry.
中国ちゅうごく
[proper noun]China
[proper noun](historical or contemporary) any of severalkingdoms,empires, orstates of theChinese people
[proper noun](especially in contemporary usage)short for中華人民共和国(Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku), thePeople's Republic of China
[noun] thecentralpart of acountry, historically, commonly known as thecapital city or themainregion, where anemperor or otherrulerresides
[noun] somethingwithin a country
[noun](historical) under the律令(Ritsuryō) system, aprovince of thethirdrank according to a four-rank system based onpopulation andarea
[noun](historical) under the律令(Ritsuryō) system, aprovince of thesecond rank according to thedistance from thecapital city
[noun]collectiveterm for the山陽道(San'yōdō) and山陰道(San'indō)regions ofJapan
[proper noun]short for中国地方(Chūgoku chihō): theChūgoku region ofJapan
中国なかくに
[proper noun]asurname
(This term,中國, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

[edit]
Hanja in this term

Proper noun

[edit]

中國 (Jungguk) (hangeul중국)

  1. hanja form? of중국(China)

Middle Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Orthographic borrowing fromMiddle Chinese中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, literally “centralcountry”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Proper noun

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(듀ᇰ)(국〮) (TYWÙNG.KWÚK)

  1. China (acountry inAsia)

Descendants

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]
chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Proper noun

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中國

  1. chữ Hán form ofTrung Quốc(China)

Zhuang

[edit]

Proper noun

[edit]

中國

  1. Sawndip form ofCunghgoz
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