| Stroke order |
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| Stroke order |
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世 (Kangxi radical 1,一+4, 5 strokes,cangjie input心廿 (PT),four-corner44717,composition⿻廿𠃊)
- 伳,呭,𪣅,𡛶,怈,抴,泄,迣,枻,𬆑,玴,䄁,朑,𤤙,𥅋,𥹑,紲(绁),袣,𦐕,𮎉,𮓽,𬡽,詍,𧺿,跇,𣫸,鉪,靾,齛
- 𢺿,㰥,𦐞,屉,𢇸,𦭓,疶,𬙚,𫢫,笹,髰,枼,𭁫,𬔛,𠁀,𭁯,𧉺,貰(贳),𩊈,屜
- Kangxi Dictionary:page 77, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31
- Dae Jaweon: page 155, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 14, character 6
- Unihan data for U+4E16
| Historical forms of the character世 |
|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) |
|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|---|
 |  |  |
 b02948  b02949  b02950  b02951  b02952  b02953  b02954  b02955  b02956  b02957  b02958  b02959  b02960  b02961  b02962  b02963  b02964  b02965  b02966  b02967  b02968  b02969  b02970  b02971  b02972
 s01647
Transcribed ancient scripts  L35781  L35782  L35783  L35784  L35785  L35786  L35787  L35788  L35789  L35790  L35791  L35792  L35793  L19868  L19869  L19870  L19871  L19872  L19873  L19874  L19875  L19876  L19877  L19878  L19879  L19880  L19881  L19882  L19883  L19884  L19885 |
References: Mostly from Richard Sears'Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: - Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
- Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
- Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
- Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
|
| Old Chinese |
|---|
| 貰 | *ɦljebs, *hljebs |
| 跇 | *l̥ʰebs, *lebs |
| 迣 | *ʔljebs |
| 世 | *hljebs |
| 泄 | *lebs, *sled |
| 枻 | *lebs |
| 詍 | *lebs |
| 靾 | *lebs |
| 袣 | *lebs |
| 抴 | *lebs, *led |
| 呭 | *lebs |
| 勩 | *lebs, *libs |
| 屜 | *l̥ʰeːbs |
| 鰈 | *l̥ʰaːb, *l'eːb |
| 渫 | *zreːb, *sled |
| 煠 | *zreːb, *l̥ʰeb, *leb |
| 喋 | *rlaːb, *ʔl'eːb, *l'eːb |
| 鞢 | *rlaːb, *sleːb |
| 殜 | *l'eb, *leb, *lab |
| 葉 | *hljeb, *leb |
| 弽 | *hljeb, *hleːb |
| 韘 | *hljeb, *sleːb |
| 枼 | *leb |
| 楪 | *leb |
| 揲 | *leb, *l'eːb, *ɦljed |
| 鍱 | *leb |
| 偞 | *leb, *hleːb |
| 蝶 | *l̥ʰeːb, *l'eːb |
| 牒 | *l'eːb |
| 蹀 | *l'eːb |
| 諜 | *l'eːb |
| 堞 | *l'eːb |
| 牃 | *l'eːb |
| 褋 | *l'eːb |
| 惵 | *l'eːb |
| 碟 | *l'eːb |
| 屧 | *sleːb |
| 屟 | *sleːb |
| 紲 | *sled |
| 齛 | *sled |
| 疶 | *sled |
| 緤 | *sled |
| 媟 | *sled |
- Pictogram (象形) – threeleaves on a branch. The derivative葉 (OC*hljeb, *leb) refers to the original word.
- Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意):Triplication of十 (“ten”) -thirty, such as a variant form丗. Thirtyyears make onegeneration (thirty times twelve months gives 360 months). Compare廿 (OC*njɯb, “twenty”).
世 (OC*hljebs) is derived from iterative devoicing of葉 (OC*leb, “leaf”) + *-s suffix, meaning successive foliages of a tree > generations. CompareTibetanལོ་མ(lo ma,“leaf”), WesternTibetanལོབ་མ(lob ma,“leaf”) andTibetanལོ(lo,“year”).
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin):shì (shi4)
- (Zhuyin):ㄕˋ
- (Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):si4
- (Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):shī
- (Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):shiī
- (Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):шы (šɨ, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):sai3
- (Dongguan,Jyutping++):soi3
- (Taishan,Wiktionary):sai1
- Gan(Wiktionary):si4
- Hakka
- (Sixian,PFS):sṳ / se
- (Hailu,HRS):shiˇ / sheˇ
- (Meixian,Guangdong):si4 / sê4
- Jin(Wiktionary):si3
- Northern Min(KCR):si̿
- Eastern Min(BUC):sié
- Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):si4 / se4
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien,POJ):sì /sè
- (Teochew,Peng'im):si3
- (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):xi3
- Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):5sy
- Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):shr4
Note:
- si4 - vernacular;
- se4 - literary.
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
- sì - vernacular;
- sè - literary.
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) |
|---|
| Character | 世 |
|---|
| Reading # | 1/1 |
|---|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) | shì |
|---|
Middle
Chinese | ‹ syejH › |
|---|
Old
Chinese | /*l̥ap-s/ |
|---|
| English | generation |
|---|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) |
|---|
| Character | 世 |
|---|
| Reading # | 1/1 |
|---|
| No. | 11537 |
|---|
Phonetic
component | 世 |
|---|
Rime
group | 蓋 |
|---|
Rime
subdivision | 2 |
|---|
Corresponding
MC rime | 丗 |
|---|
Old
Chinese | /*hljebs/ |
|---|
| Notes | 本枼葉初文（文源） |
|---|
世
- generation
- 世代 ― shìdài ― generation
- 德皇威廉二世 ― déhuáng Wēilián èrshì ― Kaiser Wilhelm II
- (literary, or in compounds) for manygenerations; spanning many generations
- 世襲／世袭 ― shìxí ― to inherit; to succeed
- 世仇 ― shìchóu ― hereditary enemy
- (in terms of address)longstandingfriendship betweentwofamilies;generations of family friendship
- 世伯 ― shìbó ― uncle (friend of one's father)
- lifetime;allone'slife; one'swholelife
- 一生一世 ― yīshēngyīshì ― all one's life
- 下世[Cantonese] ― haa6sai3[Jyutping] ― next life
- era;period;time
- 當今之世／当今之世 ― dāngjīn zhīshì ― at present; nowadays
- (geology)epoch(geochronologic unit)
- 全新世 ― quánxīnshì ― holocene
- world;people in the world
- 世界 ― shìjiè ― world
- 在世 ― zàishì ― alive
世稱東方生之盛也，言不純師，行不純表，其流風、遺書，蔑如也。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
世称东方生之盛也，言不纯师，行不纯表，其流风、遗书，蔑如也。[Classical Chinese,simp.]- From:Yang Xiong,Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9CE
- Shì chēng Dōngfāng shēng zhī shèng yě, yán bù chún shī, xíng bù chún biǎo, qí liúfēng, yíshū, mièrú yě.[Pinyin]
- Theworld lauds the exuberance ofDongfang Shuo's life. But in speaking, he was not sincere enough to be a teacher, and in action, he was not sincere enough to be a role model. The remnants of his writings that are still floating around should be discarded.
1863, “大旨言耶穌爲世之大光照臨萬國也”, in Charles Finney Preston, transl.,《耶穌言行撮要俗話》, Guangzhou:雙門底福音堂,約翰[John] 1:10:
佢也曾喺世嗻、世係佢所造、世就唔識佢[Cantonese,trad.]
佢也曾喺世嗻、世系佢所造、世就唔识佢[Cantonese,simp.]- keoi5 jaa5 cang4 hai2sai3 syu3,sai3 hai6 keoi5 so2 zou6,sai3 zau6 m4 sik1 keoi5[Jyutping]
- He was in theworld, and theworld was made by him, and theworld knew him not.
- (literary, or in compounds)dynasty;regime
問今是何世，乃不知有漢，無論魏晉。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。[Classical Chinese,simp.]- From:The Peach Blossom Spring (桃花源記), byTao Yuanming,421 (Wiktionary translation)
- Wèn jīn shì héshì, nǎi bùzhī yǒu Hàn, wúlùn Wèi Jìn.[Pinyin]
- They asked what the currentruling dynasty was. Surprisingly, they had not even heard of the Han, let alone the Wei and the Jin.
爰自麗世之季，及至我朝之初，屢經島夷之陸梁，寺亦焚燬。[Korean Literary Sinitic,trad.]- From: Former inscription at Gunjasa Temple,Hamyang County, 1684
- 원자여세지계(로) 급지아조지초(히) 누경도이지육량(하야) 사역분훼(라)
Won ja Yeose ji gye[-ro], geupji ajo ji cho[-hi], nu gyeong doi ji yungnyang[-haya], sa yeok bunhwe[-ra].[Sino-Korean] - From the end of the Goryeodynasty to the early years of the present dynasty, [the area] suffered repeated incursions by the island savages, and the temple was also burnt and destroyed.
- (literary, or in compounds)year;age
- (literary, or in compounds)worldly;profane;secular
- 人情世故 ― rénqíngshìgù ― ways of the world
- asurname
- (generation):代 (dài)
- (for many generations):
- 世代(shìdài)(literary)
- 仍世(réngshì)(literary)
- 代代(dàidài)(literary)
- 祖代(zǔdài)(literary)
- 累世(lěishì)(literary)
- 累代(lěidài)(literary)
- 世界(shìjiè)
- 區宇 /区宇(qūyǔ)(literary, figurative)
- 四國 /四国(sìguó)(literary)
- 四海(sìhǎi)(literary, figurative)
- 域中(yùzhōng)(literary)
- 天下(tiānxià)(literary, figurative)
- 天跤下(Hokkien, figurative)
- 宇內 /宇内(yǔnèi)(literary, figurative)
- 薄海(bóhǎi)(literary, figurative)
- 上國 /上国(shàngguó)(as termed by vassal states)
- 中國 /中国(zhōngguó)(archaic)
- 公家(gōngjiā)
- 公庭(gōngtíng)
- 國家 /国家(guójiā)(Classical Chinese)
- 朝廷(cháotíng)
- 王室(wángshì)
- 王家(wángjiā)
- 王朝(wángcháo)
- 皇室(huángshì)
- 皇朝(huángcháo)
世
(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
⟨yo2⟩ →/yo/
FromOld Japanese. The pronunciation is distinct from夜(/yo1/,“night, nighttime”).
Change in meaning of節(yo), in the sense of the bamboos and reeds bulging at certain intervals.[1]
世• (yo)
- world,society
- this world, thislife
- Synonym:俗世間(zoku seken)
- (archaic)generation,age,era
- lifetime
- Synonym:一生(isshō)
- lifespan
- Synonym:寿命(jumyō)
- time ofyear,season
- Synonyms:時節(jisetsu),時期(jiki),折(ori)
- relationship between a man and a woman(Can weverify(+) this sense?)
- period of a person leading as apatriarch(Can weverify(+) this sense?)
FromMiddle Chinese世 (MC syejH). Thekan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.
世• (-sei)
- generation
- ルパン三世
- Rupan-sansei
- Lupin theThird
世• (-sei)
- (geology)epoch
世• (Sei)
- a femalegiven name
FromMiddle Chinese世 (MC syejH).
| Historical readings |
|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun reading |
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 솅〮 (Yale:syéy) |
| Middle Korean |
| Text | Eumhun |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 누리〮 (Yale:nwùlí) | 셰〯 (Yale:syěy) |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 인간 (Yale:inkan) | 셰 (Yale:syey) |
- (SK Standard/Seoul)IPA(key):[sʰe̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul:[세(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
世 (eumhun인간(人間)세)
- hanja form? of세(“world”)
- hanja form? of세(“lineage;generation”)
Compounds
- 세가 (世家,sega)
- 세간 (世間,segan)
- 세계 (世界,segye)
- 세기 (世紀,segi)
- 세대 (世代,sedae)
- 세도 (世道,sedo)
- 세로 (世路,sero)
- 세사 (世事,sesa)
- 세상 (世上,sesang)
- 세상 (世相,sesang)
- 세속 (世俗,sesok)
- 세습 (世襲,seseup)
- 세자 (世子,seja)
- 세정 (世情,sejeong)
- 세조 (世祖,Sejo)
- 세종 (世宗,Sejong)
- 세칭 (世稱,seching)
- 세태 (世態,setae)
- 세파 (世波,sepa)
- 세평 (世評,sepyeong)
- 개세 (慨世,gaese)
- 개세 (蓋世,gaese)
- 거세 (擧世,geose)
- 격세 (隔世,gyeokse)
- 경세 (經世,gyeongse)
- 근세 (近世,geunse)
- 금세 (今世,geumse)
- 기세 (棄世,gise)
- 기세 (欺世,gise)
- 난세/란세 (亂世,nanse/ranse)
- 내세/래세 (來世,naese/raese)
- 누세/루세 (累世,nuse/ruse)
- 도세 (渡世,dose)
- 돈세 (遯世,donse)
- 둔세 (遁世,dunse)
- 별세 (別世,byeolse)
- 사세 (斯世,sase)
- 섭세 (涉世,seopse)
- 성세 (盛世,seongse)
- 속세 (俗世,sokse)
- 시세 (時世,sise)
- 신세 (身世,sinse)
- 아세 (阿世,ase)
- 염세 (厭世,yeomse)
- 위세 (緯世,wise)
- 이세 (二世,ise)
- 일세 (一世,ilse)
- 절세 (絶世,jeolse)
- 제세 (濟世,jese)
- 조세 (早世,jose)
- 중세 (中世,jungse)
- 진세 (塵世,jinse)
- 처세 (處世,cheose)
- 치세 (治世,chise)
- 피세 (避世,pise)
- 행세 (行世,haengse)
- 혁세 (奕世,hyeokse)
- 현세 (現世,hyeonse)
- 후세 (後世,huse)
- 희세 (希世,huise)
- 희세 (稀世,huise)
- 세계관 (世界觀,segyegwan)
- 세계어 (世界語,segyeeo)
- 세계적 (世界的,segyejeok)
- 세기말 (世紀末,segimal)
- 세상사 (世上事,sesangsa)
- 세속적 (世俗的,sesokjeok)
- 관세음 (觀世音,gwanseeum)
- 구세군 (救世軍,gusegun)
- 구세주 (救世主,guseju)
- 불세출 (不世出,bulsechul)
- 신세대 (新世代,sinsedae)
- 왕세손 (王世孫,wangseson)
- 왕세자 (王世子,wangseja)
- 은세계 (銀世界,eunsegye)
- 일세기 (一世紀,ilsegi)
- 창세기 (創世記,changsegi)
- 처세술 (處世術,cheosesul)
- 처세훈 (處世訓,cheosehun)
- 기개세 (氣蓋世,gigaese)
- 여세마둔 (厲世摩鈍,yeosemadun)
- 염세주의 (厭世主義,yeomsejuui)
- 기성세대 (旣成世代,giseongsedae)
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[4]
世
(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
Cognate with mainlandJapanese世(yo).
世 (yū)
- age,era,period,time;rule
- world,society
- “ゆー【世】” inJLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
世:Hán Việt readings:thế
世:Nôm readings:thế,thá,thé,thể
世
- chữ Hán form ofthế(“(only in compounds)era,time,generation”)
Kangxi Dictionary:一部/四畫 on the Chinese Wikisource.
