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不過

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:不过

Chinese

[edit]

	not; no	to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker) to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-
trad.(不過)	不	過
simp.(不过)	不	过
alternative forms	必過／必过Wu

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin):bùguò
(Zhuyin):ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese(Jyutping):bat¹ gwo³
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):put-ko
(Meixian,Guangdong):bud⁵ guo⁴
Jin(Wiktionary):beh⁴ gue³
Eastern Min(BUC):bók-guó
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):put-kò /put-kò͘
(Teochew,Peng'im):bug⁴ guê³
Wu(Northern,Wugniu):⁷peq-ku₅;⁷piq-ku₅ /⁷piq-kou₅;⁷piq-¹kou₅

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:bùguò [Phonetic:búguò]
  - Zhuyin:ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:bùguò
  - Wade–Giles:pu⁴-kuo⁴
  - Yale:bù-gwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:buguoh
  - Palladius:буго(bugo)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/

Note:不 may be weakened to tonelessbu in constructions of ‹verb/adjective +不過› (“not exceed or unable to exceed”).

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping:bat¹ gwo³
  - Yale:bāt gwo
  - Cantonese Pinyin:bat⁷ gwo³
  - Guangdong Romanization:bed¹ guo³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/pɐt̚⁵ kʷɔː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:put-ko
  - Hakka Romanization System:bud^ˋ go
  - Hagfa Pinyim:bud⁵ go⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/put̚² ko⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:bud⁵ guo⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/put̚¹ kuo⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:beh⁴ gue³
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/pəʔ² kuɤ⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:bók-guó
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/puʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kuɔ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:put-kò
  - Tâi-lô:put-kò
  - Phofsit Daibuun:putkoix
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/put̚³²⁻⁴ kɤ²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/put̚³²⁻⁴ ko¹¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/put̚³²⁻⁵ ko²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/put̚³²⁻⁴ ko²¹/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:put-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô:put-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun:putkox
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/put̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:bug⁴ guê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:puk kuè
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/puk̚²⁻⁴ kue²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁷peq-ku₅;⁷piq-ku₅
  - MiniDict:peh^入 ku^去; pih^入 ku^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):⁴peq-ku₂;⁴piq-ku₂
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/pəʔ³³ku⁴⁴/,/piɪʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/
- (Northern:Suzhou)
  - Wugniu:⁷piq-kou₅;⁷piq-¹kou₅
  - MiniDict:pih^入 kou^去; pih^入 kou^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/piɪʔ⁵⁵kəu⁵²³/,/piɪʔ⁴⁴ kəu²³/

Note:⁷piq-ku - often written as必過／必过..

Adverb

[edit]

不過

only;merely
extremely
再好不過了！／再好不过了！ ― Zài hǎobùguò le! ― That's fantastic! (It couldn't be better!)
這是一件再好不過的事情。[MSC,trad.]
这是一件再好不过的事情。[MSC,simp.]
Zhè shì yī jiàn zài hǎobùguò de shìqíng.[Pinyin]
This is a great thing.

Conjunction

[edit]

不過

however;but
我覺得這個想法理論上沒有錯，不過實踐操作起來難度會很大。[MSC,trad.]
我觉得这个想法理论上没有错，不过实践操作起来难度会很大。[MSC,simp.]
Wǒ juéde zhège xiǎngfǎ lǐlùnshàng méiyǒu cuò,bùguò shíjiàn cāozuò qǐlái nándù huì hěn dà.[Pinyin]
I think this idea is not wrong in theory,but it will be very difficult to put into practice.

Synonyms

[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of但是 (“but; however”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		而,然,但,卻,則
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		但是,但,可是,不過,然而
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	但是,但,可是,不過
	Malaysia	但
	Singapore	但,但是,可是,不過
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	但是
Southwestern Mandarin	Pematangsiantar	tapi
Cantonese	Guangzhou	但係,不過,之不過,之但係
	Hong Kong	但係,不過,之不過,之但係,but
	Taishan	但係
	Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	但係
	Singapore(Guangfu)	但係,不過,之不過
Hakka	Meixian	但係,董係
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	但係,毋過
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	但係,毋過,毋故
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	但係,毋過
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	但係,毋過
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	但係,毋過
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	毋過
	Senai(Huiyang)	但係
	Kuching(Hepo)	tapi
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	但是
Eastern Min	Matsu	但是
Southern Min	Xiamen	但是,毋過,毋句,不過,不而過
	Quanzhou	但是,毋句,不過,不而過
	Zhangzhou	但是,毋過,不過,不而過
	Taipei	但是,毋過,不而過
	Penang(Hokkien)	tapi,但是
	Singapore(Hokkien)	tapi,但是,毋句,毋過
	Manila(Hokkien)	毋過,但是,毋句
	Medan(Hokkien)	tapi
	Shantou	是呾
	Shantou(Chenghai)	是呾
	Jieyang	是呾,比補
	Bangkok(Teochew)	但是,แต่ว่า
	Johor Bahru(Teochew)	但是,tapi
	Singapore(Teochew)	tapi,不過,但是
	Wenchang	但是
	Qionghai	但是
Wu	Shanghai	但是,必過,不過,但不過,但必過
Wu	Wuxi	但必過

Verb

[edit]

不過

(literary) tonotexceed
- 故制：國不過千乘，都城不過百雉，家富不過百乘。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  故制：国不过千乘，都城不过百雉，家富不过百乘。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From: TheBook of Rites,c. 4^th – 2^nd centuryBCE, translated based onJames Legge's version
  Gù zhì: guóbù guò qiānshèng, dūchéngbù guò bǎizhì, jiā fùbù guò bǎishèng.[Pinyin]
  Hence it was made the rule thatno state should havemore than 1000 chariots,no chief city's wallmore than 100 embrasures,no family, however rich,more than 100 chariots.