| not; no | only; merely; just only; merely; just; but | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. andtrad. (不只) | 不 | 只 | |
edit 不只不止 |
edit 不只不止 |
不只
Potentially a compound of*an(ancestral negating root) +*to(semantically light noun meaning "objective fact", whenceMiddle Koreanᄃᆞ(to)) +*-k(some kind of suffix).
不只 (*ANTOk)
This form is used by the mainstream "Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra glossing tradition" of InterpretiveGugyeol, referring to all Korean-language glosses to the Buddhist canon up to 1300 except for two glosses of excerpts of theAvatamsaka Sutra and a recently discovered gloss of theSutra of the Repentance Ritual of Great Compassion, all three of which share idiosyncratic features including the use of what appears to be a graphic abbreviation of毛冬(“cannot”).
As with Middle and Modern Korean (see못 (mot) and못하다 (mothada)), the Old Korean不只 construction had two forms: a short form in which the adverb directly preceded the negated verb, and a long form in which the adverb negated the verb爲(*hoy-,“to do”) similar to Englishdo-support. However, unlike in Middle and Modern Korean,爲 did not act as a trueauxiliary verb, as the main verb was nominalized to become the direct object of爲.
According to the analysis of Mun Hyeon-su, when the main verb was modified by another adverb, word order in the long form construction of不只 differed from the long form construction of毛冬:
The final phonogram只 denotes the coda consonant *-k.
This adverb is not attested in Middle KoreanIdu script. However, some sixteenth-century Chinese–Korean glossaries for use by schoolchildren gloss the Chinese word不 as안ᄃᆞᆨ (Yale:antok), of uncertain meaning. As this is the only known negative ending with *-k in Middle Korean sources and as the Middle Korean glossary genre is celebrated for linguistic archaisms, Old Korean不只 is conventionally reconstructed as *ANTOk. This also matches不知(*ANti) and不冬(*ANtol), which use the same logogram.