| Kanji in this term | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 上 | 一 | 段 | 活 | 用 |
| かみ Grade: 1 | いち Grade: 1 | だん Grade: 6 | かつ Grade: 2 | よう Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi | goon | kan'on | ||
Compound of上(kami,“upper”) +一段活用(ichidan katsuyō,“monogradeconjugation”).
Literally,上一段(kami ichidan,“upper monograde”) refers to how theinflectedendings are located in thegojūon table.上(kami,“upper”) means thevoweli, which is written above the vowele, the other inflection-related vowel.一段(ichidan,“onegrade”) means only one vowel is involved, since each段(dan,“row”) of the table contains one vowel. Thus this can be understood as “one-voweled conjugation ini”.
上一段活用• (kami ichidan katsuyō) ←かみいちだんくわつよう(kami itidan kwatuyou)?
| Modern | 未然形 Irrealis | 連用形 Adverbial | 終止形 Conclusive | 連体形 Attributive | 仮定形 Conditional | 命令形 Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 着る(ki-,“towear”) | 着(ki) | 着(ki) | 着る(kiru) | 着る(kiru) | 着れ(kire) | 着よ(kiyo) 着ろ(kiro) |
| 閉じる(toji-,“toclose”) | 閉じ(toji) | 閉じ(toji) | 閉じる(tojiru) | 閉じる(tojiru) | 閉じれ(tojire) | 閉じよ(tojiyo) 閉じろ(tojiro) |
| 似る(ni-,“toresemble”) | 似(ni) | 似(ni) | 似る(niru) | 似る(niru) | 似れ(nire) | 似よ(niyo) 似ろ(niro) |
| 伸びる(nobi-,“toextend”) | 伸び(nobi) | 伸び(nobi) | 伸びる(nobiru) | 伸びる(nobiru) | 伸びれ(nobire) | 伸びよ(nobiyo) 伸びろ(nobiro) |
| 見る(mi-,“tosee”) | 見(mi) | 見(mi) | 見る(miru) | 見る(miru) | 見れ(mire) | 見よ(miyo) 見ろ(miro) |
| 降りる(ori-,“todescend”) | 降り(ori) | 降り(ori) | 降りる(oriru) | 降りる(oriru) | 降りれ(orire) | 降りよ(oriyo) 降りろ(oriro) |
| Archaic | 未然形 Irrealis | 連用形 Adverbial | 終止形 Conclusive | 連体形 Attributive | 已然形 Realis | 命令形 Imperative |
| 着る(ki-,“to wear”) | 着(ki1 → ki) | 着(ki1 → ki) | 着る(ki1ru → kiru) | 着る(ki1ru → kiru) | 着れ(ki1re → kire) | 着よ(ki1yo2 → kiyo) |
| 似る(ni-,“to resemble”) | 似(ni) | 似(ni) | 似る(niru) | 似る(niru) | 似れ(nire) | 似よ(niyo2 → niyo) |
| 見る(mi-,“to see”) | 見(mi1 → mi) | 見(mi1 → mi) | 見る(mi1ru → miru) | 見る(mi1ru → miru) | 見れ(mi1re → mire) | 見よ(mi1yo2 → miyo) |
The subscripts in the table above indicate differences in vowel class that were already being lost inOld Japanese. It remains unclear what those different vowel classes may have meant. SeetheSyllables section in the Wikipedia article on Old Japanese for more details.
