| For pronunciation and definitions ofはる – see the following entries. | ||
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| (This term,はる(haru), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read asはる, seeCategory:Japanese kanji read as はる. |
Characteristic of Kyoto敬語 (keigo, honorific/court language), used throughoutKansai dialect. Intermediate in politeness between base (informal) form of verb and polite-masu form, though in Kyoto widely used in casual speech, and much closer to informal.
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | はら | hara | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | はり | hari | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | はる | haru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | はる | haru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | はれ¹ | hare¹ | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | はれ¹ | hare¹ | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | - | - | ||
| Causative | - | - | ||
| Potential | - | - | ||
| Volitional | - | - | ||
| Negative | はらへん はれへん はらん | harahen harehen haran | ||
| Negative continuative | - | - | ||
| Formal | はります | harimasu | ||
| Perfective | はった | hatta | ||
| Conjunctive | はって | hatte | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | はれば¹ はったら | hareba¹ hattara | ||
| ¹ Rare, especially Imperative form. | ||||