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Derived in theHeian period from writing theman'yōgana kanji仁 in thecursivesōsho style.
に• (ni)
- Thehiragana syllableに(ni). Its equivalent inkatakana isニ(ni). It is the twenty-second syllable in thegojūon order; its position isな行い段(na-gyō i-dan,“rowna, sectioni”).
- (Hiragana)平仮名; あぁ,いぃ,うぅゔ,えぇ,おぉ,かゕが,きぎ,くぐ,けゖげ,こご,さざ,しじ,すず,せぜ,そぞ,ただ,ちぢ,つっづ,てで,とど,な,に,ぬ,ね,の,はばぱ,ひびぴ,ふぶぷ,へべぺ,ほぼぽ,ま,み,む,め,も,やゃ,𛀆,ゆゅ,𛀁,よょ,ら,り,る,れ,ろ,わゎ,ゐ,𛄟(𛄟),ゑ,を,ん,ー,ゝ,ゞ,ゟ
FromOld Japanese, fromProto-Japonic*ni.
に• (ni)
- (case-marking)
- marks therecipient of anaction;to
- 俺に返せ。 ―Oreni kaese. ―Give it backto me.
- marks thelocation at which somethingexists;in;at;see:で(de)
- 学校にいる。 ―Gakkōni iru. ―I'mat school.
- marks thedirection ordestination of amovement;to;toward;into
- Synonym:へ(e)
- コンビニに行った。 ―Konbinini itta. ―I wentto the convenience store.
- 京都に来てね！ ―Kyōtoni kite ne! ―Cometo Kyoto!
- marks theagent of apassive verb;by
- 蚊にさされた。 ―Kani sasareta. ―I was bittenby a mosquito.
- 父に死なれた。 ―Chichini shinareta. ―My father passed away.
- marks thetime at which somethingoccurs;at;on;in
- ７時に着いた。 ―Shichi-jini tsuita. ―I arrivedat seven o'clock.
- marks the emotionalreason for which one does something;in;as
- Synonym:として(toshite)
- お礼にお菓子を贈る ―o-reini o-kashi o okuru ―to gift sweetsin gratitude
- 復讐に殺人を犯す ―fukushūni satsujin o okasu ―to commit murderin revenge
- (with a verb inren'yōkei)marks apurpose orintent;for;to;in order to
- 映画を見に行こう。 ―Eiga o mini ikō. ―Let's go (to) see a movie.
- 寝に帰るだけの部屋 ―neni kaeru dake no heya ―a room only used when coming hometo sleep
- marks theresult of atransformation;to;into
- Synonym:(more formal)と(to)
- カエルになりたい。 ―Kaeruni naritai. ―I want to be a frog.
- marks acause;for;from;due to
- Synonym:で(de)
- 寒さに震える ―samusani furueru ―to shiverdue to the cold
- marks abasis forcomparison;to;as
- 親に似る ―oyani niru ―to look like one's parents
- when used with a duplicated verb, intensifies the verb's meaning
- 晴れに晴れ、花よ咲け
咲いて晴るのせい- hareni hare, hana yo sake
saite haru no sei - Clear, clear and be sunny; flowers, bloom!
Bloom and the sunshine will be to blame.
- (parallel-marking)used to formlists;and;as well as
- Synonym:と(to)
- (Can we add anexample for this sense?)
- (conjunctive)
- markscontrast with an expectedresult;even though;despite
- Synonyms:のに(noni),が(ga)
- (Can we add anexample for this sense?)
- This term needs a translation to English (there are more conjunctive senses). Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
- For marking location,で(de) is typically used to mark the location at which anaction (given by a dynamic verb) occurs, as in舞台で歌う(butai de utau,“to sing on stage”), whereasに(ni) is used to mark where somethingexists (with a stative verb), as in舞台に立つ(butai ni tatsu,“to stand on stage”).
- In the sense indicating destination, the particlesへ(e) andに(ni) are often interchangeable, though there is a slight difference of connotation or emphasis.へ(e) emphasizes the journey to the destination, whileに(ni) emphasizes the arrival or entering it. The distinction is not quite the same as between Englishto andinto;に(ni) is usually best translated asto becauseに(ni), unlikeinto, can refer to the journey in addition to the arrival or entering the destination.
に• (ni)
- (when attached to aな-adjective)ren'yōkei ofだ(da);used to formadverbs;-ly
- 簡単に言う ―kantanni iu ―to say (something) simply
に• (-ni)
- (of a child)taking after(in appearance)
- お母さん似 ―okāsan-ni ―resembling their mother
に• (ni)
- imperfective andstem (or continuative) forms ofにる(niru)[ichidan]
に• (ni)
- Continuative ofず(zu,“auxiliary verb of negation”)
- がえんじる ―tonot consent
| For pronunciation and definitions ofに – see the following entries. |
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(This term,に(ni), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read asに, seeCategory:Japanese kanji read as に. |
